---
_id: '21116'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Sex-chromosome systems are highly variable across animals, but how they transition
    from one to another is not well understood. Diptera have undergone multiple sex-chromosome
    turnovers and expansions while maintaining their general chromosomal content,
    which makes them an ideal clade to study such transitions. We analyzed more than
    100 dipteran whole-genome assemblies and identified 4 new lineages that underwent
    sex-chromosome turnover (in addition to the 5 previously reported). We find that
    the majority of turnovers happened in the group Schizophora, which tend to have
    fewer genes on Muller element F (the chromosome homologous to the ancestral insect
    X chromosome) than lower dipterans, a factor previously hypothesized to facilitate
    turnover. Most derived X chromosomes have higher GC content than autosomes, consistent
    with a high prevalence of male achiasmy in Diptera. In addition, an excess of
    gene movement out of the X is detected for most of these new X chromosomes, and
    many of these moved genes have high testis expression in Drosophila, suggesting
    that out-of-X gene movement contributes to the long-term demasculinization of
    X chromosomes.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Lorena Alexandra
  full_name: Layana Franco, Lorena Alexandra
  id: 02814589-eb8f-11eb-b029-a70074f3f18f
  last_name: Layana Franco
  orcid: 0000-0002-1253-6297
- first_name: Melissa A
  full_name: Toups, Melissa A
  id: 4E099E4E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Toups
  orcid: 0000-0002-9752-7380
- first_name: Beatriz
  full_name: Vicoso, Beatriz
  id: 49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Vicoso
  orcid: 0000-0002-4579-8306
citation:
  ama: Layana Franco LA, Toups MA, Vicoso B. Research Data for “Causes and consequences
    of sex-chromosome turnovers in Diptera.” 2026. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21116">10.15479/AT-ISTA-21116</a>
  apa: Layana Franco, L. A., Toups, M. A., &#38; Vicoso, B. (2026). Research Data
    for “Causes and consequences of sex-chromosome turnovers in Diptera.” Institute
    of Science and Technology Austria. <a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21116">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21116</a>
  chicago: Layana Franco, Lorena Alexandra, Melissa A Toups, and Beatriz Vicoso. “Research
    Data for ‘Causes and Consequences of Sex-Chromosome Turnovers in Diptera.’” Institute
    of Science and Technology Austria, 2026. <a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21116">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21116</a>.
  ieee: L. A. Layana Franco, M. A. Toups, and B. Vicoso, “Research Data for ‘Causes
    and consequences of sex-chromosome turnovers in Diptera.’” Institute of Science
    and Technology Austria, 2026.
  ista: Layana Franco LA, Toups MA, Vicoso B. 2026. Research Data for ‘Causes and
    consequences of sex-chromosome turnovers in Diptera’, Institute of Science and
    Technology Austria, <a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21116">10.15479/AT-ISTA-21116</a>.
  mla: Layana Franco, Lorena Alexandra, et al. <i>Research Data for “Causes and Consequences
    of Sex-Chromosome Turnovers in Diptera.”</i> Institute of Science and Technology
    Austria, 2026, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21116">10.15479/AT-ISTA-21116</a>.
  short: L.A. Layana Franco, M.A. Toups, B. Vicoso, (2026).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2026-01-30T11:04:14Z
date_published: 2026-01-02T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-02-12T12:58:00Z
day: '2'
department:
- _id: BeVi
doi: 10.15479/AT-ISTA-21116
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  date_created: 2026-01-30T11:00:36Z
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file_date_updated: 2026-01-30T11:00:56Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- Schizophora
- sex chromosomes
- sex-chromosome turnover
- Diptera
- genomic features
- out-of-X movement.
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
status: public
title: Research Data for "Causes and consequences of sex-chromosome turnovers in Diptera"
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: research_data
user_id: 68b8ca59-c5b3-11ee-8790-cd641c68093d
year: '2026'
...