{"OA_type":"gold","acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the Basic Science Center Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (32388201) to K.C and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31970331) to L.X. We thank Dr. Zhuang Lu, Dr. Bin Han and Ms. Jingquan Li (Plant Science Facility of the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences) for their technical assistance in LC-MS/MS assay, small molecule compound analysis and the subcellular localization assay, respectively. We thank Dr. Wei Luo and Dr. Dongfeng Liu for helpful discussions.","external_id":{"pmid":["41455723"]},"article_type":"original","month":"01","has_accepted_license":"1","abstract":[{"text":"Vernalization-regulated flowering is vital for wheat yield and geographical distribution, and the diversity of flowering time genes is essential for the breeding of climate-resilient varieties. Sugars have long been recognized in regulating flowering; however, the intrinsic connection between carbohydrate metabolism and vernalization response remains largely unexplored. Here, we identify a fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) encoding gene, HtL1/FBA10, as a modulator of heading time variation based on a genome-wide association study utilizing wheat core germplasm collections. Evolutionary analysis shows a decrease in the proportion of haplotype-2 of HtL1, which is linked to delayed flowering, in Chinese and American wheat varieties compared to landraces. Vernalization reduces HtL1/FBA10 phosphorylation levels and  increases  its O-GlcNAcylation, which in turn enhances its enzymatic activity and facilitates VERNALIZATION 1 (VRN1) transcription by regulating histone acetylation at the VRN1 locus. Our findings provide mechanistic insights into the interplay between glucose metabolism and the epigenetic regulation of vernalization in winter wheat.","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"apa":"Yang, P., Liu, Y., Dong, Q., Miao, Y., Zhang, J., Xu, S., … Chong, K. (2026). O-GlcNAc and phosphorylation modifications on HtL1/FBA10 regulate wheat vernalization for flowering. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-67734-0\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-67734-0</a>","short":"P. Yang, Y. Liu, Q. Dong, Y. Miao, J. Zhang, S. Xu, H. Zhao, Y. Niu, X. Zhang, Y. Xu, Z. Guo, L. Xing, K. Chong, Nature Communications 17 (2026).","ieee":"P. Yang <i>et al.</i>, “O-GlcNAc and phosphorylation modifications on HtL1/FBA10 regulate wheat vernalization for flowering,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 17. Springer Nature, 2026.","ama":"Yang P, Liu Y, Dong Q, et al. O-GlcNAc and phosphorylation modifications on HtL1/FBA10 regulate wheat vernalization for flowering. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2026;17. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-67734-0\">10.1038/s41467-025-67734-0</a>","mla":"Yang, Pengfang, et al. “O-GlcNAc and Phosphorylation Modifications on HtL1/FBA10 Regulate Wheat Vernalization for Flowering.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 17, 999, Springer Nature, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-67734-0\">10.1038/s41467-025-67734-0</a>.","chicago":"Yang, Pengfang, Yangyang Liu, Qi Dong, Yuting Miao, Jianlong Zhang, Shujuan Xu, Hong Zhao, et al. “O-GlcNAc and Phosphorylation Modifications on HtL1/FBA10 Regulate Wheat Vernalization for Flowering.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-67734-0\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-67734-0</a>.","ista":"Yang P, Liu Y, Dong Q, Miao Y, Zhang J, Xu S, Zhao H, Niu Y, Zhang X, Xu Y, Guo Z, Xing L, Chong K. 2026. O-GlcNAc and phosphorylation modifications on HtL1/FBA10 regulate wheat vernalization for flowering. Nature Communications. 17, 999."},"date_updated":"2026-02-12T14:34:24Z","file_date_updated":"2026-02-12T14:33:14Z","article_number":"999","scopus_import":"1","publication":"Nature Communications","_id":"21158","department":[{"_id":"XiFe"}],"date_created":"2026-02-08T23:02:48Z","ddc":["580"],"volume":17,"oa":1,"DOAJ_listed":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","date_published":"2026-01-27T00:00:00Z","day":"27","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"article_processing_charge":"Yes","pmid":1,"title":"O-GlcNAc and phosphorylation modifications on HtL1/FBA10 regulate wheat vernalization for flowering","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2041-1723"]},"PlanS_conform":"1","OA_place":"publisher","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"file":[{"file_size":4685882,"creator":"dernst","content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access","success":1,"date_updated":"2026-02-12T14:33:14Z","file_id":"21223","relation":"main_file","file_name":"2026_NatureComm_Yang.pdf","checksum":"9ae170ec70ba1ab56b6f1ffe67d1de7f","date_created":"2026-02-12T14:33:14Z"}],"author":[{"last_name":"Yang","full_name":"Yang, Pengfang","first_name":"Pengfang"},{"first_name":"Yangyang","full_name":"Liu, Yangyang","last_name":"Liu"},{"last_name":"Dong","first_name":"Qi","full_name":"Dong, Qi"},{"last_name":"Miao","full_name":"Miao, Yuting","first_name":"Yuting"},{"first_name":"Jianlong","full_name":"Zhang, Jianlong","last_name":"Zhang"},{"last_name":"Xu","id":"9724dd9d-f591-11ee-bd51-e97ed0652286","first_name":"Shujuan","full_name":"Xu, Shujuan"},{"last_name":"Zhao","full_name":"Zhao, Hong","first_name":"Hong"},{"first_name":"Yuda","full_name":"Niu, Yuda","last_name":"Niu"},{"first_name":"Xueyong","full_name":"Zhang, Xueyong","last_name":"Zhang"},{"first_name":"Yunyuan","full_name":"Xu, Yunyuan","last_name":"Xu"},{"full_name":"Guo, Zifeng","first_name":"Zifeng","last_name":"Guo"},{"full_name":"Xing, Lijing","first_name":"Lijing","last_name":"Xing"},{"last_name":"Chong","first_name":"Kang","full_name":"Chong, Kang"}],"type":"journal_article","publication_status":"published","year":"2026","intvolume":"        17","publisher":"Springer Nature","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-67734-0"}