---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '21243'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Widely deployed consensus protocols in the cloud are often leader-based and
    optimized for low latency under synchronous network conditions. However, cloud
    networks can experience disruptions such as network partitions, high-loss links,
    and configuration errors. These disruptions interfere with the operation of leader-based
    protocols, as their view change mechanisms interrupt the normal case replication
    and cause the system to stall. We propose RACS, a novel randomized consensus protocol
    that ensures robustness against adversarial network conditions. RACS achieves
    optimal one-round trip latency under synchronous network conditions while remaining
    resilient to adversarial network conditions. RACS follows a simple design inspired
    by Raft, the most widely used consensus protocol in the cloud, and therefore enables
    seamless integration with the existing cloud software stack. Experiments with
    a prototype running on Amazon EC2 show that RACS achieves 28k cmd/sec throughput,
    ninefold higher than Raft under adversarial cloud network conditions. Under synchronous
    network conditions, RACS matches the performance of Multi-Paxos and Raft, achieving
    a throughput of 200k cmd/sec with a median latency of 300ms, confirming that RACS
    introduces no unnecessary overhead. Finally, SADL-RACS, a throughput-optimized
    version of RACS, achieves a throughput of 500k cmd/sec, delivering 150 percent
    higher throughput than Raft.
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Pasindu
  full_name: Tennage, Pasindu
  last_name: Tennage
- first_name: Antoine
  full_name: Desjardins, Antoine
  id: 06d0c166-aec1-11ee-a7c0-b96e840a602b
  last_name: Desjardins
- first_name: Eleftherios
  full_name: Kokoris Kogias, Eleftherios
  id: f5983044-d7ef-11ea-ac6d-fd1430a26d30
  last_name: Kokoris Kogias
  orcid: 0000-0002-8827-3382
citation:
  ama: 'Tennage P, Desjardins A, Kokoris Kogias E. RACS-SADL: Robust and understandable
    randomized consensus in the cloud. In: <i>2025 IEEE 18th International Conference
    on Cloud Computing</i>. IEEE; 2025. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/cloud67622.2025.00044">10.1109/cloud67622.2025.00044</a>'
  apa: 'Tennage, P., Desjardins, A., &#38; Kokoris Kogias, E. (2025). RACS-SADL: Robust
    and understandable randomized consensus in the cloud. In <i>2025 IEEE 18th International
    Conference on Cloud Computing</i>. Helsinki, Finland: IEEE. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/cloud67622.2025.00044">https://doi.org/10.1109/cloud67622.2025.00044</a>'
  chicago: 'Tennage, Pasindu, Antoine Desjardins, and Eleftherios Kokoris Kogias.
    “RACS-SADL: Robust and Understandable Randomized Consensus in the Cloud.” In <i>2025
    IEEE 18th International Conference on Cloud Computing</i>. IEEE, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/cloud67622.2025.00044">https://doi.org/10.1109/cloud67622.2025.00044</a>.'
  ieee: 'P. Tennage, A. Desjardins, and E. Kokoris Kogias, “RACS-SADL: Robust and
    understandable randomized consensus in the cloud,” in <i>2025 IEEE 18th International
    Conference on Cloud Computing</i>, Helsinki, Finland, 2025.'
  ista: 'Tennage P, Desjardins A, Kokoris Kogias E. 2025. RACS-SADL: Robust and understandable
    randomized consensus in the cloud. 2025 IEEE 18th International Conference on
    Cloud Computing. CLOUD: Conference on Cloud Computing.'
  mla: 'Tennage, Pasindu, et al. “RACS-SADL: Robust and Understandable Randomized
    Consensus in the Cloud.” <i>2025 IEEE 18th International Conference on Cloud Computing</i>,
    IEEE, 2025, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/cloud67622.2025.00044">10.1109/cloud67622.2025.00044</a>.'
  short: P. Tennage, A. Desjardins, E. Kokoris Kogias, in:, 2025 IEEE 18th International
    Conference on Cloud Computing, IEEE, 2025.
conference:
  end_date: 2025-07-12
  location: Helsinki, Finland
  name: 'CLOUD: Conference on Cloud Computing'
  start_date: 2025-07-07
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2026-02-16T15:21:27Z
date_published: 2025-07-30T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-05-05T11:52:57Z
day: '30'
department:
- _id: ElKo
doi: 10.1109/cloud67622.2025.00044
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2404.04183'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2404.04183
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
publication: 2025 IEEE 18th International Conference on Cloud Computing
publication_identifier:
  eisbn:
  - '9798331555573'
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'RACS-SADL: Robust and understandable randomized consensus in the cloud'
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2025'
...