---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '21531'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Entanglement is a unique feature of quantum mechanics. In coupled systems
    of light and matter, entanglement manifests itself in the linear superposition
    of multipartite quantum states (e.g., parametrized by the multiple spatial, spectral,
    or temporal degrees of freedom of a light field). In bipartite systems, the Schmidt
    decomposition provides a modal decomposition of the entanglement structure over
    independent, separable states. Although ubiquitous as a mathematical tool to describe
    and measure entanglement, there exists no general efficient experimental method
    to decompose a bipartite quantum state onto its Schmidt modes. Here, we propose
    a method that relies on bipartite self-configuring optics that automatically ``learns''''
    the Schmidt decomposition of an arbitrary pure quantum state. Our method is agnostic
    to the degrees of freedom over which quantum entanglement is distributed and can
    reconstruct the Schmidt modes and values by variational optimization of the network''s
    output powers or coincidences. We illustrate our method with numerical examples
    of spectral entanglement analysis for biphotons generated via spontaneous parametric
    down conversion and provide experimental guidelines for its realization, including
    the influence of losses and impurities. Our method provides a versatile and scalable
    way of analyzing entanglement in bipartite integrated quantum photonic systems. '
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Charles
  full_name: Roques-Carmes, Charles
  id: e2e68fc9-6505-11ef-a541-eb4e72cc3e82
  last_name: Roques-Carmes
- first_name: Aviv
  full_name: Karnieli, Aviv
  last_name: Karnieli
- first_name: David A. B.
  full_name: Miller, David A. B.
  last_name: Miller
- first_name: Shanhui
  full_name: Fan, Shanhui
  last_name: Fan
citation:
  ama: Roques-Carmes C, Karnieli A, Miller DAB, Fan S. Automated modal analysis of
    entanglement with bipartite self-configuring optics. <i>ACS Photonics</i>. 2025;12(6):3285-3294.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c00813">10.1021/acsphotonics.5c00813</a>
  apa: Roques-Carmes, C., Karnieli, A., Miller, D. A. B., &#38; Fan, S. (2025). Automated
    modal analysis of entanglement with bipartite self-configuring optics. <i>ACS
    Photonics</i>. American Chemical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c00813">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c00813</a>
  chicago: Roques-Carmes, Charles, Aviv Karnieli, David A. B. Miller, and Shanhui
    Fan. “Automated Modal Analysis of Entanglement with Bipartite Self-Configuring
    Optics.” <i>ACS Photonics</i>. American Chemical Society, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c00813">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c00813</a>.
  ieee: C. Roques-Carmes, A. Karnieli, D. A. B. Miller, and S. Fan, “Automated modal
    analysis of entanglement with bipartite self-configuring optics,” <i>ACS Photonics</i>,
    vol. 12, no. 6. American Chemical Society, pp. 3285–3294, 2025.
  ista: Roques-Carmes C, Karnieli A, Miller DAB, Fan S. 2025. Automated modal analysis
    of entanglement with bipartite self-configuring optics. ACS Photonics. 12(6),
    3285–3294.
  mla: Roques-Carmes, Charles, et al. “Automated Modal Analysis of Entanglement with
    Bipartite Self-Configuring Optics.” <i>ACS Photonics</i>, vol. 12, no. 6, American
    Chemical Society, 2025, pp. 3285–94, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c00813">10.1021/acsphotonics.5c00813</a>.
  short: C. Roques-Carmes, A. Karnieli, D.A.B. Miller, S. Fan, ACS Photonics 12 (2025)
    3285–3294.
date_created: 2026-03-30T12:22:47Z
date_published: 2025-05-28T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-04-27T08:42:39Z
day: '28'
doi: 10.1021/acsphotonics.5c00813
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2407.16849'
intvolume: '        12'
issue: '6'
keyword:
- integrated photonics
- spontaneous parametric down conversion
- entanglement
- quantum teleportation
- reconfigurable optics
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.16849
month: '05'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 3285-3294
publication: ACS Photonics
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2330-4022
publication_status: published
publisher: American Chemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Automated modal analysis of entanglement with bipartite self-configuring optics
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 12
year: '2025'
...