{"citation":{"short":"D. Cheng, K. Wang, C. Roques-Carmes, E. Lustig, O.Y. Long, H. Wang, S. Fan, Nature 637 (2025) 52–56.","ieee":"D. Cheng <i>et al.</i>, “Non-Abelian lattice gauge fields in photonic synthetic frequency dimensions,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 637, no. 8044. Springer Nature, pp. 52–56, 2025.","apa":"Cheng, D., Wang, K., Roques-Carmes, C., Lustig, E., Long, O. Y., Wang, H., &#38; Fan, S. (2025). Non-Abelian lattice gauge fields in photonic synthetic frequency dimensions. <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08259-2\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08259-2</a>","mla":"Cheng, Dali, et al. “Non-Abelian Lattice Gauge Fields in Photonic Synthetic Frequency Dimensions.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 637, no. 8044, Springer Nature, 2025, pp. 52–56, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08259-2\">10.1038/s41586-024-08259-2</a>.","ama":"Cheng D, Wang K, Roques-Carmes C, et al. Non-Abelian lattice gauge fields in photonic synthetic frequency dimensions. <i>Nature</i>. 2025;637(8044):52-56. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08259-2\">10.1038/s41586-024-08259-2</a>","ista":"Cheng D, Wang K, Roques-Carmes C, Lustig E, Long OY, Wang H, Fan S. 2025. Non-Abelian lattice gauge fields in photonic synthetic frequency dimensions. Nature. 637(8044), 52–56.","chicago":"Cheng, Dali, Kai Wang, Charles Roques-Carmes, Eran Lustig, Olivia Y. Long, Heming Wang, and Shanhui Fan. “Non-Abelian Lattice Gauge Fields in Photonic Synthetic Frequency Dimensions.” <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08259-2\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08259-2</a>."},"article_type":"original","publication":"Nature","status":"public","date_updated":"2026-04-27T07:14:06Z","author":[{"full_name":"Cheng, Dali","first_name":"Dali","last_name":"Cheng"},{"last_name":"Wang","first_name":"Kai","full_name":"Wang, Kai"},{"full_name":"Roques-Carmes, Charles","id":"e2e68fc9-6505-11ef-a541-eb4e72cc3e82","last_name":"Roques-Carmes","first_name":"Charles"},{"last_name":"Lustig","first_name":"Eran","full_name":"Lustig, Eran"},{"full_name":"Long, Olivia Y.","first_name":"Olivia Y.","last_name":"Long"},{"full_name":"Wang, Heming","last_name":"Wang","first_name":"Heming"},{"last_name":"Fan","first_name":"Shanhui","full_name":"Fan, Shanhui"}],"page":"52-56","publisher":"Springer Nature","date_published":"2025-01-02T00:00:00Z","ddc":["530"],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa_version":"Preprint","_id":"21548","external_id":{"pmid":["39743600"],"arxiv":["2406.00321"]},"doi":"10.1038/s41586-024-08259-2","month":"01","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0028-0836"],"eissn":["1476-4687"]},"article_processing_charge":"No","intvolume":"       637","year":"2025","arxiv":1,"title":"Non-Abelian lattice gauge fields in photonic synthetic frequency dimensions","scopus_import":"1","day":"02","issue":"8044","quality_controlled":"1","oa":1,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Non-Abelian gauge fields provide a conceptual framework to describe particles\r\nhaving spins, underlying many phenomena in electrodynamics, condensed-matter\r\nphysics and particle physics. Lattice models of non-Abelian gauge fields allow us\r\nto understand their physical implications in extended systems. The theoretical\r\nimportance of non-Abelian lattice gauge fields motivates their experimental synthesis\r\nand explorations. Photons are fundamental particles for which artificial gauge fields\r\ncan be synthesized, yet the demonstration of non-Abelian lattice gauge fields for\r\nphotons has not been achieved. Here we demonstrate SU(2) lattice gauge fields for\r\nphotons in the synthetic frequency dimensions, a playground to study lattice\r\nphysics in a scalable and programmable way. In our lattice model, we theoretically\r\nobserve that homogeneous non-Abelian lattice gauge potentials induce Dirac cones\r\nat time-reversal-invariant momenta in the Brillouin zone. We experimentally confirm\r\nthe presence of non-Abelian lattice gauge fields by two signatures: linear band\r\ncrossings at the Dirac cones, and the associated direction reversal of eigenstate\r\ntrajectories. We further demonstrate a non-Abelian scalar lattice gauge potential that\r\nlifts the degeneracies of the Dirac cones. Our results highlight the implications of\r\nnon-Abelian lattice gauge fields in topological physics, and provide a starting point\r\nfor demonstrations of emerging non-Abelian physics in the photonic synthetic\r\ndimensions. Our results may also benefit photonic technologies by providing controls\r\nof photon spins and pseudo-spins in topologically non-trivial ways."}],"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08259-2","date_created":"2026-03-30T12:22:47Z","type":"journal_article","publication_status":"published","volume":637,"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2406.00321","open_access":"1"}],"extern":"1","pmid":1,"OA_place":"repository","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"OA_type":"green"}