Stochastic logic in biased coupled photonic probabilistic bits

article Stochastic logic in biased coupled photonic probabilistic bits published yes Michael Horodynski author Charles Roques-Carmes author e2e68fc9-6505-11ef-a541-eb4e72cc3e82 Yannick Salamin author Seou Choi author Jamison Sloan author Di Luo author Marin Soljačić author Optical computing often employs tailor-made hardware to implement specific algorithms, trading generality for improved performance in key aspects like speed and power efficiency. An important computing approach that is still missing its corresponding optical hardware is probabilistic computing, used e.g. for solving difficult combinatorial optimization problems. In this study, we propose an experimentally viable photonic approach to solve arbitrary probabilistic computing problems. Our method relies on the insight that coherent Ising machines composed of coupled and biased optical parametric oscillators can emulate stochastic logic. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach by using numerical simulations equivalent to the full density matrix formulation of coupled optical parametric oscillators. Springer Nature2025 eng Communications Physics 2399-3650 2406.0400010.1038/s42005-025-01953-1 8 yes Horodynski, Michael, et al. “Stochastic Logic in Biased Coupled Photonic Probabilistic Bits.” Communications Physics, vol. 8, 31, Springer Nature, 2025, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-025-01953-1">10.1038/s42005-025-01953-1</a>. M. Horodynski et al., “Stochastic logic in biased coupled photonic probabilistic bits,” Communications Physics, vol. 8. Springer Nature, 2025. Horodynski M, Roques-Carmes C, Salamin Y, et al. Stochastic logic in biased coupled photonic probabilistic bits. Communications Physics. 2025;8. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-025-01953-1">10.1038/s42005-025-01953-1</a> Horodynski M, Roques-Carmes C, Salamin Y, Choi S, Sloan J, Luo D, Soljačić M. 2025. Stochastic logic in biased coupled photonic probabilistic bits. Communications Physics. 8, 31. Horodynski, Michael, Charles Roques-Carmes, Yannick Salamin, Seou Choi, Jamison Sloan, Di Luo, and Marin Soljačić. “Stochastic Logic in Biased Coupled Photonic Probabilistic Bits.” Communications Physics. Springer Nature, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-025-01953-1">https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-025-01953-1</a>. Horodynski, M., Roques-Carmes, C., Salamin, Y., Choi, S., Sloan, J., Luo, D., & Soljačić, M. (2025). Stochastic logic in biased coupled photonic probabilistic bits. Communications Physics. Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-025-01953-1">https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-025-01953-1</a> M. Horodynski, C. Roques-Carmes, Y. Salamin, S. Choi, J. Sloan, D. Luo, M. Soljačić, Communications Physics 8 (2025). 215502026-03-30T12:22:47Z2026-04-27T08:43:22Z