---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '21550'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Optical computing often employs tailor-made hardware to implement specific
    algorithms, trading generality for improved performance in key aspects like speed
    and power efficiency. An important computing approach that is still missing its
    corresponding optical hardware is probabilistic computing, used e.g. for solving
    difficult combinatorial optimization problems. In this study, we propose an experimentally
    viable photonic approach to solve arbitrary probabilistic computing problems.
    Our method relies on the insight that coherent Ising machines composed of coupled
    and biased optical parametric oscillators can emulate stochastic logic. We demonstrate
    the feasibility of our approach by using numerical simulations equivalent to the
    full density matrix formulation of coupled optical parametric oscillators.
article_number: '31'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Michael
  full_name: Horodynski, Michael
  last_name: Horodynski
- first_name: Charles
  full_name: Roques-Carmes, Charles
  id: e2e68fc9-6505-11ef-a541-eb4e72cc3e82
  last_name: Roques-Carmes
- first_name: Yannick
  full_name: Salamin, Yannick
  last_name: Salamin
- first_name: Seou
  full_name: Choi, Seou
  last_name: Choi
- first_name: Jamison
  full_name: Sloan, Jamison
  last_name: Sloan
- first_name: Di
  full_name: Luo, Di
  last_name: Luo
- first_name: Marin
  full_name: Soljačić, Marin
  last_name: Soljačić
citation:
  ama: Horodynski M, Roques-Carmes C, Salamin Y, et al. Stochastic logic in biased
    coupled photonic probabilistic bits. <i>Communications Physics</i>. 2025;8. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-025-01953-1">10.1038/s42005-025-01953-1</a>
  apa: Horodynski, M., Roques-Carmes, C., Salamin, Y., Choi, S., Sloan, J., Luo, D.,
    &#38; Soljačić, M. (2025). Stochastic logic in biased coupled photonic probabilistic
    bits. <i>Communications Physics</i>. Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-025-01953-1">https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-025-01953-1</a>
  chicago: Horodynski, Michael, Charles Roques-Carmes, Yannick Salamin, Seou Choi,
    Jamison Sloan, Di Luo, and Marin Soljačić. “Stochastic Logic in Biased Coupled
    Photonic Probabilistic Bits.” <i>Communications Physics</i>. Springer Nature,
    2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-025-01953-1">https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-025-01953-1</a>.
  ieee: M. Horodynski <i>et al.</i>, “Stochastic logic in biased coupled photonic
    probabilistic bits,” <i>Communications Physics</i>, vol. 8. Springer Nature, 2025.
  ista: Horodynski M, Roques-Carmes C, Salamin Y, Choi S, Sloan J, Luo D, Soljačić
    M. 2025. Stochastic logic in biased coupled photonic probabilistic bits. Communications
    Physics. 8, 31.
  mla: Horodynski, Michael, et al. “Stochastic Logic in Biased Coupled Photonic Probabilistic
    Bits.” <i>Communications Physics</i>, vol. 8, 31, Springer Nature, 2025, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-025-01953-1">10.1038/s42005-025-01953-1</a>.
  short: M. Horodynski, C. Roques-Carmes, Y. Salamin, S. Choi, J. Sloan, D. Luo, M.
    Soljačić, Communications Physics 8 (2025).
date_created: 2026-03-30T12:22:47Z
date_published: 2025-02-20T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-04-27T08:43:22Z
day: '20'
ddc:
- '530'
doi: 10.1038/s42005-025-01953-1
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2406.04000'
intvolume: '         8'
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-025-01953-1
month: '02'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: Communications Physics
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2399-3650
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Stochastic logic in biased coupled photonic probabilistic bits
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd
volume: 8
year: '2025'
...