[{"pmid":1,"scopus_import":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1094-4087"]},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We demonstrate new axisymmetric inverse-design techniques that can solve problems radically different from traditional lenses, including reconfigurable lenses (that shift a multi-frequency focal spot in response to refractive-index changes) and widely separated multi-wavelength lenses (λ = 1 µm and 10 µm). We also present experimental validation for an axisymmetric inverse-designed monochrome lens in the near-infrared fabricated via two-photon polymerization. Axisymmetry allows fullwave Maxwell solvers to be scaled up to structures hundreds or even thousands of wavelengths in diameter before requiring domain-decomposition approximations, while multilayer topology optimization with ∼105 degrees of freedom can tackle challenging design problems even when restricted to axisymmetric structures."}],"date_created":"2026-03-30T12:22:48Z","type":"journal_article","arxiv":1,"oa":1,"citation":{"ista":"Christiansen RE, Lin Z, Roques-Carmes C, Salamin Y, Kooi SE, Joannopoulos JD, Soljačić M, Johnson SG. 2020. Fullwave Maxwell inverse design of axisymmetric, tunable, and multi-scale multi-wavelength metalenses. Optics Express. 28(23), 33854–33868.","short":"R.E. Christiansen, Z. Lin, C. Roques-Carmes, Y. Salamin, S.E. Kooi, J.D. Joannopoulos, M. Soljačić, S.G. Johnson, Optics Express 28 (2020) 33854–33868.","ama":"Christiansen RE, Lin Z, Roques-Carmes C, et al. Fullwave Maxwell inverse design of axisymmetric, tunable, and multi-scale multi-wavelength metalenses. <i>Optics Express</i>. 2020;28(23):33854-33868. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.403192\">10.1364/oe.403192</a>","apa":"Christiansen, R. E., Lin, Z., Roques-Carmes, C., Salamin, Y., Kooi, S. E., Joannopoulos, J. D., … Johnson, S. G. (2020). Fullwave Maxwell inverse design of axisymmetric, tunable, and multi-scale multi-wavelength metalenses. <i>Optics Express</i>. Optica Publishing Group. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.403192\">https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.403192</a>","chicago":"Christiansen, Rasmus E., Zin Lin, Charles Roques-Carmes, Yannick Salamin, Steven E. Kooi, John D. Joannopoulos, Marin Soljačić, and Steven G. Johnson. “Fullwave Maxwell Inverse Design of Axisymmetric, Tunable, and Multi-Scale Multi-Wavelength Metalenses.” <i>Optics Express</i>. Optica Publishing Group, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.403192\">https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.403192</a>.","ieee":"R. E. Christiansen <i>et al.</i>, “Fullwave Maxwell inverse design of axisymmetric, tunable, and multi-scale multi-wavelength metalenses,” <i>Optics Express</i>, vol. 28, no. 23. Optica Publishing Group, pp. 33854–33868, 2020.","mla":"Christiansen, Rasmus E., et al. “Fullwave Maxwell Inverse Design of Axisymmetric, Tunable, and Multi-Scale Multi-Wavelength Metalenses.” <i>Optics Express</i>, vol. 28, no. 23, Optica Publishing Group, 2020, pp. 33854–68, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.403192\">10.1364/oe.403192</a>."},"date_updated":"2026-04-27T07:08:18Z","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"article_processing_charge":"No","intvolume":"        28","day":"26","OA_type":"gold","publication":"Optics Express","external_id":{"arxiv":["2007.11661"],"pmid":["33182865"]},"DOAJ_listed":"1","date_published":"2020-10-26T00:00:00Z","ddc":["530"],"volume":28,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","doi":"10.1364/oe.403192","publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","title":"Fullwave Maxwell inverse design of axisymmetric, tunable, and multi-scale multi-wavelength metalenses","year":"2020","extern":"1","page":"33854-33868","article_type":"original","issue":"23","_id":"21637","quality_controlled":"1","publication_status":"published","author":[{"full_name":"Christiansen, Rasmus E.","first_name":"Rasmus E.","last_name":"Christiansen"},{"last_name":"Lin","full_name":"Lin, Zin","first_name":"Zin"},{"last_name":"Roques-Carmes","first_name":"Charles","full_name":"Roques-Carmes, Charles","id":"e2e68fc9-6505-11ef-a541-eb4e72cc3e82"},{"last_name":"Salamin","full_name":"Salamin, Yannick","first_name":"Yannick"},{"first_name":"Steven E.","full_name":"Kooi, Steven E.","last_name":"Kooi"},{"last_name":"Joannopoulos","first_name":"John D.","full_name":"Joannopoulos, John D."},{"last_name":"Soljačić","full_name":"Soljačić, Marin","first_name":"Marin"},{"full_name":"Johnson, Steven G.","first_name":"Steven G.","last_name":"Johnson"}],"month":"10","OA_place":"publisher","status":"public","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.403192"}]}]