[{"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","doi":"10.1364/optica.386613","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","page":"551-558","extern":"1","title":"Accelerating recurrent Ising machines in photonic integrated circuits","year":"2020","publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":"1","_id":"21640","issue":"5","article_type":"original","status":"public","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.386613","open_access":"1"}],"OA_place":"publisher","month":"05","author":[{"last_name":"Prabhu","first_name":"Mihika","full_name":"Prabhu, Mihika"},{"id":"e2e68fc9-6505-11ef-a541-eb4e72cc3e82","full_name":"Roques-Carmes, Charles","first_name":"Charles","last_name":"Roques-Carmes"},{"first_name":"Yichen","full_name":"Shen, Yichen","last_name":"Shen"},{"full_name":"Harris, Nicholas","first_name":"Nicholas","last_name":"Harris"},{"last_name":"Jing","first_name":"Li","full_name":"Jing, Li"},{"full_name":"Carolan, Jacques","first_name":"Jacques","last_name":"Carolan"},{"last_name":"Hamerly","full_name":"Hamerly, Ryan","first_name":"Ryan"},{"full_name":"Baehr-Jones, Tom","first_name":"Tom","last_name":"Baehr-Jones"},{"last_name":"Hochberg","full_name":"Hochberg, Michael","first_name":"Michael"},{"first_name":"Vladimir","full_name":"Čeperić, Vladimir","last_name":"Čeperić"},{"last_name":"Joannopoulos","first_name":"John D.","full_name":"Joannopoulos, John D."},{"first_name":"Dirk R.","full_name":"Englund, Dirk R.","last_name":"Englund"},{"last_name":"Soljačić","first_name":"Marin","full_name":"Soljačić, Marin"}],"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2334-2536"]},"scopus_import":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","article_processing_charge":"No","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"date_updated":"2026-04-27T07:06:04Z","citation":{"chicago":"Prabhu, Mihika, Charles Roques-Carmes, Yichen Shen, Nicholas Harris, Li Jing, Jacques Carolan, Ryan Hamerly, et al. “Accelerating Recurrent Ising Machines in Photonic Integrated Circuits.” <i>Optica</i>. Optica Publishing Group, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.386613\">https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.386613</a>.","apa":"Prabhu, M., Roques-Carmes, C., Shen, Y., Harris, N., Jing, L., Carolan, J., … Soljačić, M. (2020). Accelerating recurrent Ising machines in photonic integrated circuits. <i>Optica</i>. Optica Publishing Group. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.386613\">https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.386613</a>","ieee":"M. Prabhu <i>et al.</i>, “Accelerating recurrent Ising machines in photonic integrated circuits,” <i>Optica</i>, vol. 7, no. 5. Optica Publishing Group, pp. 551–558, 2020.","mla":"Prabhu, Mihika, et al. “Accelerating Recurrent Ising Machines in Photonic Integrated Circuits.” <i>Optica</i>, vol. 7, no. 5, Optica Publishing Group, 2020, pp. 551–58, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.386613\">10.1364/optica.386613</a>.","ama":"Prabhu M, Roques-Carmes C, Shen Y, et al. Accelerating recurrent Ising machines in photonic integrated circuits. <i>Optica</i>. 2020;7(5):551-558. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.386613\">10.1364/optica.386613</a>","short":"M. Prabhu, C. Roques-Carmes, Y. Shen, N. Harris, L. Jing, J. Carolan, R. Hamerly, T. Baehr-Jones, M. Hochberg, V. Čeperić, J.D. Joannopoulos, D.R. Englund, M. Soljačić, Optica 7 (2020) 551–558.","ista":"Prabhu M, Roques-Carmes C, Shen Y, Harris N, Jing L, Carolan J, Hamerly R, Baehr-Jones T, Hochberg M, Čeperić V, Joannopoulos JD, Englund DR, Soljačić M. 2020. Accelerating recurrent Ising machines in photonic integrated circuits. Optica. 7(5), 551–558."},"oa":1,"type":"journal_article","date_created":"2026-03-30T12:22:48Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Conventional computing architectures have no known efficient algorithms for combinatorial optimization tasks such\r\nas the Ising problem, which requires finding the ground state spin configuration of an arbitrary Ising graph. Physical\r\nIsing machines have recently been developed as an alternative to conventional exact and heuristic solvers; however,\r\nthese machines typically suffer from decreased ground state convergence probability or universality for high edge-\r\ndensity graphs or arbitrary graph weights, respectively. We experimentally demonstrate a proof-of-principle integrated\r\nnanophotonic recurrent Ising sampler (INPRIS), using a hybrid scheme combining electronics and silicon-on-insulator\r\nphotonics, that is capable of converging to the ground state of various four-spin graphs with high probability. The\r\nINPRIS results indicate that noise may be used as a resource to speed up the ground state search and to explore larger\r\nregions of the phase space, thus allowing one to probe noise-dependent physical observables. Since the recurrent pho-\r\ntonic transformation that our machine imparts is a fixed function of the graph problem and therefore compatible with\r\noptoelectronic architectures that support GHz clock rates (such as passive or non-volatile photonic circuits that do not\r\nrequire reprogramming at each iteration), this work suggests the potential for future systems that could achieve orders-\r\nof-magnitude speedups in exploring the solution space of combinatorially hard problems. "}],"publication":"Optica","OA_type":"gold","day":"18","intvolume":"         7","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"volume":7,"ddc":["530"],"date_published":"2020-05-18T00:00:00Z","DOAJ_listed":"1"}]