---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '21640'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Conventional computing architectures have no known efficient algorithms for
    combinatorial optimization tasks such\r\nas the Ising problem, which requires
    finding the ground state spin configuration of an arbitrary Ising graph. Physical\r\nIsing
    machines have recently been developed as an alternative to conventional exact
    and heuristic solvers; however,\r\nthese machines typically suffer from decreased
    ground state convergence probability or universality for high edge-\r\ndensity
    graphs or arbitrary graph weights, respectively. We experimentally demonstrate
    a proof-of-principle integrated\r\nnanophotonic recurrent Ising sampler (INPRIS),
    using a hybrid scheme combining electronics and silicon-on-insulator\r\nphotonics,
    that is capable of converging to the ground state of various four-spin graphs
    with high probability. The\r\nINPRIS results indicate that noise may be used as
    a resource to speed up the ground state search and to explore larger\r\nregions
    of the phase space, thus allowing one to probe noise-dependent physical observables.
    Since the recurrent pho-\r\ntonic transformation that our machine imparts is a
    fixed function of the graph problem and therefore compatible with\r\noptoelectronic
    architectures that support GHz clock rates (such as passive or non-volatile photonic
    circuits that do not\r\nrequire reprogramming at each iteration), this work suggests
    the potential for future systems that could achieve orders-\r\nof-magnitude speedups
    in exploring the solution space of combinatorially hard problems. "
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Mihika
  full_name: Prabhu, Mihika
  last_name: Prabhu
- first_name: Charles
  full_name: Roques-Carmes, Charles
  id: e2e68fc9-6505-11ef-a541-eb4e72cc3e82
  last_name: Roques-Carmes
- first_name: Yichen
  full_name: Shen, Yichen
  last_name: Shen
- first_name: Nicholas
  full_name: Harris, Nicholas
  last_name: Harris
- first_name: Li
  full_name: Jing, Li
  last_name: Jing
- first_name: Jacques
  full_name: Carolan, Jacques
  last_name: Carolan
- first_name: Ryan
  full_name: Hamerly, Ryan
  last_name: Hamerly
- first_name: Tom
  full_name: Baehr-Jones, Tom
  last_name: Baehr-Jones
- first_name: Michael
  full_name: Hochberg, Michael
  last_name: Hochberg
- first_name: Vladimir
  full_name: Čeperić, Vladimir
  last_name: Čeperić
- first_name: John D.
  full_name: Joannopoulos, John D.
  last_name: Joannopoulos
- first_name: Dirk R.
  full_name: Englund, Dirk R.
  last_name: Englund
- first_name: Marin
  full_name: Soljačić, Marin
  last_name: Soljačić
citation:
  ama: Prabhu M, Roques-Carmes C, Shen Y, et al. Accelerating recurrent Ising machines
    in photonic integrated circuits. <i>Optica</i>. 2020;7(5):551-558. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.386613">10.1364/optica.386613</a>
  apa: Prabhu, M., Roques-Carmes, C., Shen, Y., Harris, N., Jing, L., Carolan, J.,
    … Soljačić, M. (2020). Accelerating recurrent Ising machines in photonic integrated
    circuits. <i>Optica</i>. Optica Publishing Group. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.386613">https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.386613</a>
  chicago: Prabhu, Mihika, Charles Roques-Carmes, Yichen Shen, Nicholas Harris, Li
    Jing, Jacques Carolan, Ryan Hamerly, et al. “Accelerating Recurrent Ising Machines
    in Photonic Integrated Circuits.” <i>Optica</i>. Optica Publishing Group, 2020.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.386613">https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.386613</a>.
  ieee: M. Prabhu <i>et al.</i>, “Accelerating recurrent Ising machines in photonic
    integrated circuits,” <i>Optica</i>, vol. 7, no. 5. Optica Publishing Group, pp.
    551–558, 2020.
  ista: Prabhu M, Roques-Carmes C, Shen Y, Harris N, Jing L, Carolan J, Hamerly R,
    Baehr-Jones T, Hochberg M, Čeperić V, Joannopoulos JD, Englund DR, Soljačić M.
    2020. Accelerating recurrent Ising machines in photonic integrated circuits. Optica.
    7(5), 551–558.
  mla: Prabhu, Mihika, et al. “Accelerating Recurrent Ising Machines in Photonic Integrated
    Circuits.” <i>Optica</i>, vol. 7, no. 5, Optica Publishing Group, 2020, pp. 551–58,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.386613">10.1364/optica.386613</a>.
  short: M. Prabhu, C. Roques-Carmes, Y. Shen, N. Harris, L. Jing, J. Carolan, R.
    Hamerly, T. Baehr-Jones, M. Hochberg, V. Čeperić, J.D. Joannopoulos, D.R. Englund,
    M. Soljačić, Optica 7 (2020) 551–558.
date_created: 2026-03-30T12:22:48Z
date_published: 2020-05-18T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-04-27T07:06:04Z
day: '18'
ddc:
- '530'
doi: 10.1364/optica.386613
extern: '1'
intvolume: '         7'
issue: '5'
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.386613
month: '05'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 551-558
publication: Optica
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2334-2536
publication_status: published
publisher: Optica Publishing Group
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Accelerating recurrent Ising machines in photonic integrated circuits
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 7
year: '2020'
...