---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - JWST has revealed an abundance of supermassive black holes (BHs) in the early
    Universe, and yet the lowest mass seed BHs that gave rise to these populations
    remain elusive. Here, we present a systematic search for broad-line active galactic
    nuclei (AGNs) in some of the faintest high-z galaxies surveyed yet by combining
    ultra-deep JWST/NIRSpec G395M spectroscopy with the strong lensing aid in AS1063.
    By employing the profile of the [O iii]λ5007 emission lines as a template for
    narrow-line components and carefully cross-validating with mock observations,
    we identify a sample of 10 broad-line AGNs at 4.5 < z < 7.0 (eight secure, two
    tentative). The inferred BH masses from the broad Hα line explore the intermediate
    BH mass regime down to ∼105.5 M⊙. The stellar mass (M*) is estimated with a galaxy+AGN
    composite model, and we find the BH to stellar mass ratio spans down to MBH/M*
    ≲ 0.1%, unveiling populations on the empirical MBH–M* relation observed in the
    local Universe. We also derive the BH mass function and investigate its low-mass
    end at this epoch. While we confirm the agreement of our results with previous
    studies at MBH ≳ 106.5M⊙, we find the mass range of ∼105.5 M⊙ features an enhanced
    abundance with respect to the extrapolated best-fit Schechter function. Comparison
    with theoretical models suggests that a possible origin for this enhanced abundance
    is the direct-collapse BH formation, supporting the scenario that the direct collapse
    of massive gas clouds is a significant pathway for the earliest supermassive BHs.@eng
  bibo_authorlist:
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Qinyue
      foaf_name: Fei, Qinyue
      foaf_surname: Fei
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Seiji
      foaf_name: Fujimoto, Seiji
      foaf_surname: Fujimoto
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Rohan P.
      foaf_name: Naidu, Rohan P.
      foaf_surname: Naidu
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: John
      foaf_name: Chisholm, John
      foaf_surname: Chisholm
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Hakim
      foaf_name: Atek, Hakim
      foaf_surname: Atek
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Gabriel
      foaf_name: Brammer, Gabriel
      foaf_surname: Brammer
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Yoshihisa
      foaf_name: Asada, Yoshihisa
      foaf_surname: Asada
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Danielle A.
      foaf_name: Berg, Danielle A.
      foaf_surname: Berg
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Volker
      foaf_name: Bromm, Volker
      foaf_surname: Bromm
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Lukas J.
      foaf_name: Furtak, Lukas J.
      foaf_surname: Furtak
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Jenny E.
      foaf_name: Greene, Jenny E.
      foaf_surname: Greene
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Tiger Yu Yang
      foaf_name: Hsiao, Tiger Yu Yang
      foaf_surname: Hsiao
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Junehyoung
      foaf_name: Jeon, Junehyoung
      foaf_surname: Jeon
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Vasily
      foaf_name: Kokorev, Vasily
      foaf_surname: Kokorev
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Jorryt J
      foaf_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
      foaf_surname: Matthee
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
    orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Priyamvada
      foaf_name: Natarajan, Priyamvada
      foaf_surname: Natarajan
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Richard
      foaf_name: Pan, Richard
      foaf_surname: Pan
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Johan
      foaf_name: Richard, Johan
      foaf_surname: Richard
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Alberto
      foaf_name: Saldana-Lopez, Alberto
      foaf_surname: Saldana-Lopez
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Daniel
      foaf_name: Schaerer, Daniel
      foaf_surname: Schaerer
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Marta
      foaf_name: Volonteri, Marta
      foaf_surname: Volonteri
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Adi
      foaf_name: Zitrin, Adi
      foaf_surname: Zitrin
  bibo_doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ae6248
  bibo_issue: '2'
  bibo_volume: 1003
  dct_date: 2026^xs_gYear
  dct_isPartOf:
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/0004-637X
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/1538-4357
  dct_language: eng
  dct_publisher: IOP Publishing@
  dct_title: 'A GLIMPSE of intermediate mass Black Holes in the epoch of reionization:
    Witnessing the descendants of direct collapse?@'
...