--- res: bibo_abstract: - A hallmark of immune cell trafficking is directional guidance via gradients of soluble or surface bound chemokines. Vascular endothelial cells produce, transport and deposit either their own chemokines or chemokines produced by the underlying stroma. Endothelial heparan sulfate (HS) was suggested to be a critical scaffold for these chemokine pools, but it is unclear how steep chemokine gradients are sustained between the lumenal and ablumenal aspects of blood vessels. Addressing this question by semi-quantitative immunostaining of HS moieties around blood vessels with a pan anti-HS IgM mAb, we found a striking HS enrichment in the basal lamina of resting and inflamed post capillary skin venules, as well as in high endothelial venules (HEVs) of lymph nodes. Staining of skin vessels with a glycocalyx probe further suggested that their lumenal glycocalyx contains much lower HS density than their basolateral extracellular matrix (ECM). This polarized HS pattern was observed also in isolated resting and inflamed microvascular dermal cells. Notably, progressive skin inflammation resulted in massive ECM deposition and in further HS enrichment around skin post capillary venules and their associated pericytes. Inflammation-dependent HS enrichment was not compromised in mice deficient in the main HS degrading enzyme, heparanase. Our results suggest that the blood vasculature patterns steep gradients of HS scaffolds between their lumenal and basolateral endothelial aspects, and that inflammatory processes can further enrich the HS content nearby inflamed vessels. We propose that chemokine gradients between the lumenal and ablumenal sides of vessels could be favored by these sharp HS scaffold gradients.@eng bibo_authorlist: - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Liat foaf_name: Stoler Barak, Liat foaf_surname: Stoler Barak - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Christine foaf_name: Moussion, Christine foaf_surname: Moussion foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=3356F664-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Elias foaf_name: Shezen, Elias foaf_surname: Shezen - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Miki foaf_name: Hatzav, Miki foaf_surname: Hatzav - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Michael K foaf_name: Sixt, Michael K foaf_surname: Sixt foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 orcid: 0000-0002-6620-9179 - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Ronen foaf_name: Alon, Ronen foaf_surname: Alon bibo_doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085699 bibo_issue: '1' bibo_volume: 9 dct_date: 2014^xs_gYear dct_language: eng dct_publisher: Public Library of Science@ dct_title: Blood vessels pattern heparan sulfate gradients between their apical and basolateral aspects@ ...