{"external_id":{"arxiv":["2606.11293"]},"_id":"22270","PlanS_conform":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","dataavailabilitystatement":"We thank the staffs of the various observatories at\r\nwhich data were obtained. This work is partially based\r\non observations obtained at the Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR) telescope, which is a joint project\r\nof the Minist´erio da Ciˆencia, Tecnologia e Inova¸c˜oes\r\n(MCTI/LNA) do Brasil, the US National Science Foundation’s NOIRLab, the University of North Carolina\r\nat Chapel Hill (UNC), and Michigan State University\r\n(MSU). Some of the data presented herein were obtained\r\nat the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a\r\nscientific partnership among the California Institute of\r\nTechnology, the University of California, and NASA; the\r\nobservatory was made possible by the generous financial\r\nsupport of the W. M. Keck Foundation.\r\nThis research has made use of the Keck Observatory\r\nArchive (KOA), which is operated by the W. M. Keck\r\nObservatory and the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute\r\n(NExScI), under contract with the National Aeronautics\r\nand Space Administration.\r\nThis work has made use of data from the\r\nEuropean Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia\r\n(https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed\r\nby the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium\r\n(DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/\r\ndpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been\r\nprovided by national institutions, in particular the\r\ninstitutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral\r\nAgreement.","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2565-6120"]},"month":"06","doi":"10.33232/001c.164326","year":"2026","arxiv":1,"intvolume":"         9","title":"A systematic survey for hypervelocity runaways from thermonuclear supernovae","publication":"The Open Journal of Astrophysics","article_type":"original","citation":{"mla":"El-Badry, Kareem, et al. “A Systematic Survey for Hypervelocity Runaways from Thermonuclear Supernovae.” <i>The Open Journal of Astrophysics</i>, vol. 9, Maynooth Academic Publishing, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.33232/001c.164326\">10.33232/001c.164326</a>.","short":"K. El-Badry, K. Werner, K.J. Shen, J. Strader, A.C. Rodriguez, J.J. Han, V. Chandra, L. Chomiuk, Z.P. Vanderbosch, L. Blomberg, N. Yamaguchi, P. Nagarajan, I. Caiazzo, J.C. van Roestel, H. Glanz, T.L.S. Wong, A. Bhat, M.A. Hollands, The Open Journal of Astrophysics 9 (2026).","ieee":"K. El-Badry <i>et al.</i>, “A systematic survey for hypervelocity runaways from thermonuclear supernovae,” <i>The Open Journal of Astrophysics</i>, vol. 9. Maynooth Academic Publishing, 2026.","apa":"El-Badry, K., Werner, K., Shen, K. J., Strader, J., Rodriguez, A. C., Han, J. J., … Hollands, M. A. (2026). A systematic survey for hypervelocity runaways from thermonuclear supernovae. <i>The Open Journal of Astrophysics</i>. Maynooth Academic Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.33232/001c.164326\">https://doi.org/10.33232/001c.164326</a>","ama":"El-Badry K, Werner K, Shen KJ, et al. A systematic survey for hypervelocity runaways from thermonuclear supernovae. <i>The Open Journal of Astrophysics</i>. 2026;9. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.33232/001c.164326\">10.33232/001c.164326</a>","ista":"El-Badry K, Werner K, Shen KJ, Strader J, Rodriguez AC, Han JJ, Chandra V, Chomiuk L, Vanderbosch ZP, Blomberg L, Yamaguchi N, Nagarajan P, Caiazzo I, van Roestel JC, Glanz H, Wong TLS, Bhat A, Hollands MA. 2026. A systematic survey for hypervelocity runaways from thermonuclear supernovae. The Open Journal of Astrophysics. 9.","chicago":"El-Badry, Kareem, Klaus Werner, Ken J. Shen, Jay Strader, Antonio C. Rodriguez, Jiwon Jesse Han, Vedant Chandra, et al. “A Systematic Survey for Hypervelocity Runaways from Thermonuclear Supernovae.” <i>The Open Journal of Astrophysics</i>. Maynooth Academic Publishing, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.33232/001c.164326\">https://doi.org/10.33232/001c.164326</a>."},"publisher":"Maynooth Academic Publishing","author":[{"first_name":"Kareem","last_name":"El-Badry","full_name":"El-Badry, Kareem"},{"full_name":"Werner, Klaus","last_name":"Werner","first_name":"Klaus"},{"last_name":"Shen","first_name":"Ken J.","full_name":"Shen, Ken J."},{"last_name":"Strader","first_name":"Jay","full_name":"Strader, Jay"},{"first_name":"Antonio C.","last_name":"Rodriguez","full_name":"Rodriguez, Antonio C."},{"first_name":"Jiwon Jesse","last_name":"Han","full_name":"Han, Jiwon Jesse"},{"full_name":"Chandra, Vedant","last_name":"Chandra","first_name":"Vedant"},{"last_name":"Chomiuk","first_name":"Laura","full_name":"Chomiuk, Laura"},{"full_name":"Vanderbosch, Zachary P.","last_name":"Vanderbosch","first_name":"Zachary P."},{"last_name":"Blomberg","first_name":"Lisa","full_name":"Blomberg, Lisa"},{"last_name":"Yamaguchi","first_name":"Natsuko","full_name":"Yamaguchi, Natsuko"},{"full_name":"Nagarajan, Pranav","first_name":"Pranav","last_name":"Nagarajan"},{"first_name":"Ilaria","last_name":"Caiazzo","id":"8ae5b6e7-2a03-11ee-914d-b58ed7a3b47d","full_name":"Caiazzo, Ilaria","orcid":"0000-0002-4770-5388"},{"full_name":"van Roestel, Joannes C","id":"4d122fc8-6083-11f0-87a5-97d68b860333","last_name":"van Roestel","first_name":"Joannes C"},{"last_name":"Glanz","first_name":"Hila","full_name":"Glanz, Hila"},{"first_name":"Tin Long Sunny","last_name":"Wong","full_name":"Wong, Tin Long Sunny"},{"full_name":"Bhat, Aakash","last_name":"Bhat","first_name":"Aakash"},{"last_name":"Hollands","first_name":"Mark A.","full_name":"Hollands, Mark A."}],"date_updated":"2026-07-13T09:09:34Z","status":"public","researchdata_availability":"no","department":[{"_id":"IlCa"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","ddc":["520"],"keyword":["white dwarfs","binaries: close","stars: chemically peculiar"],"date_published":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","has_accepted_license":"1","file":[{"date_created":"2026-07-13T09:05:36Z","content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"22282","success":1,"access_level":"open_access","creator":"dernst","checksum":"6320fd19e5ea3399f332be5aab022736","date_updated":"2026-07-13T09:05:36Z","relation":"main_file","file_size":1994596,"file_name":"2026_OpenJourAstrophysics_ElBadry.pdf"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","supplementarymaterial":"no","das_tickbox":"1","publication_status":"published","volume":9,"type":"journal_article","file_date_updated":"2026-07-13T09:05:36Z","OA_place":"publisher","OA_type":"gold","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"day":"30","scopus_import":"1","DOAJ_listed":"1","quality_controlled":"1","abstract":[{"text":"The explosion of a white dwarf (WD) in a close binary can launch a surviving runaway star at\r\nvelocities of ≳ 1000 km s−1\r\n. Such runaways provide a direct probe of thermonuclear supernovae (SNe)\r\nin double-degenerate binaries. Several candidate runaways are known, but their evolutionary states\r\nand the demographics of the broader population are uncertain. To enable robust population inference,\r\nwe carry out a systematic survey for hypervelocity runaways with a simple selection function, selecting\r\ncandidates based on large Gaia-inferred tangential velocities and blue colors. We classify 100% of the\r\nresulting 92 candidates using a combination of spectroscopic follow-up and archival data. The search\r\nyields ten suspected D6\r\nstars and three LP 40-365 stars. Three D6\r\nstars are new discoveries, including\r\ntwo hot (Teff ≳ 50,000 K) objects and one cool (Teff ≈ 7,000 K) object. We forward-model our survey\r\nunder several proposed D6\r\nstar evolutionary models, coupling each to a Galactic model and the survey\r\nselection function. No single model reproduces the observed diversity of D6\r\nstars, which likely reflects\r\na range of remnant masses, ages, and heating mechanisms. Models in which runaway companions\r\nare heated by SN shocks alone are too faint and short-lived to explain most of the observed sample,\r\nwhile fully reheated models are too luminous and long-lived. Models with intermediate heating,\r\nas occurs in some simulations of violent mergers and partially disrupted remnants, best match the\r\nobserved magnitude, distance, and kinematic-age distributions. The inferred D6\r\nstar birth rate is\r\nmodel dependent, but the models that best match the observed population require rates of only a\r\nfew percent of the Galactic SN Ia rate, perhaps implying that most SNe Ia result from WD binaries\r\nin which both components explode. If most SNe Ia do produce surviving runaways, these must be\r\nfainter or shorter-lived than the currently known runaways.","lang":"eng"}],"oa":1,"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"acknowledgement":"We thank Lars Bildsten, Evan Bauer, Ruediger Pakmor, Jim Fuller, Logan Proust, Abinaya Rajamuthukumar, and Stephan Geier for useful discussion related to\r\nthis work.\r\nThis work was supported by NSF grants AST-2508988\r\nand AST-2205631, NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope\r\nprogram No. 17441, and Scialog grant #SA-LSST-2024-\r\n114c from the Research Corporation for Science Advancement. The Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics\r\n(KITP) hosted the program, “White Dwarfs as Probes of\r\nthe Evolution of Planets, Stars, the Milky Way, and the\r\nExpanding Universe,” during which this project was initiated. This research was supported in part by the U.S.\r\nNational Science Foundation (NSF) under grants PHY1748958. This research benefited from discussions that\r\nwere funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation\r\nthrough Grant GBMF5076.\r\nWe thank the staffs of the various observatories at\r\nwhich data were obtained. This work is partially based\r\non observations obtained at the Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR) telescope, which is a joint project\r\nof the Minist´erio da Ciˆencia, Tecnologia e Inova¸c˜oes\r\n(MCTI/LNA) do Brasil, the US National Science Foundation’s NOIRLab, the University of North Carolina\r\nat Chapel Hill (UNC), and Michigan State University\r\n(MSU). Some of the data presented herein were obtained\r\nat the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a\r\nscientific partnership among the California Institute of\r\nTechnology, the University of California, and NASA; the observatory was made possible by the generous financial\r\nsupport of the W. M. Keck Foundation.\r\nThis research has made use of the Keck Observatory\r\nArchive (KOA), which is operated by the W. M. Keck\r\nObservatory and the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute\r\n(NExScI), under contract with the National Aeronautics\r\nand Space Administration.\r\nThis work has made use of data from the\r\nEuropean Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia\r\n(https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed\r\nby the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium\r\n(DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/\r\ndpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been\r\nprovided by national institutions, in particular the\r\ninstitutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral\r\nAgreement.","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.33232/001c.164326","date_created":"2026-07-12T22:02:19Z"}