---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '22270'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "The explosion of a white dwarf (WD) in a close binary can launch a surviving
    runaway star at\r\nvelocities of ≳ 1000 km s−1\r\n. Such runaways provide a direct
    probe of thermonuclear supernovae (SNe)\r\nin double-degenerate binaries. Several
    candidate runaways are known, but their evolutionary states\r\nand the demographics
    of the broader population are uncertain. To enable robust population inference,\r\nwe
    carry out a systematic survey for hypervelocity runaways with a simple selection
    function, selecting\r\ncandidates based on large Gaia-inferred tangential velocities
    and blue colors. We classify 100% of the\r\nresulting 92 candidates using a combination
    of spectroscopic follow-up and archival data. The search\r\nyields ten suspected
    D6\r\nstars and three LP 40-365 stars. Three D6\r\nstars are new discoveries,
    including\r\ntwo hot (Teff ≳ 50,000 K) objects and one cool (Teff ≈ 7,000 K) object.
    We forward-model our survey\r\nunder several proposed D6\r\nstar evolutionary
    models, coupling each to a Galactic model and the survey\r\nselection function.
    No single model reproduces the observed diversity of D6\r\nstars, which likely
    reflects\r\na range of remnant masses, ages, and heating mechanisms. Models in
    which runaway companions\r\nare heated by SN shocks alone are too faint and short-lived
    to explain most of the observed sample,\r\nwhile fully reheated models are too
    luminous and long-lived. Models with intermediate heating,\r\nas occurs in some
    simulations of violent mergers and partially disrupted remnants, best match the\r\nobserved
    magnitude, distance, and kinematic-age distributions. The inferred D6\r\nstar
    birth rate is\r\nmodel dependent, but the models that best match the observed
    population require rates of only a\r\nfew percent of the Galactic SN Ia rate,
    perhaps implying that most SNe Ia result from WD binaries\r\nin which both components
    explode. If most SNe Ia do produce surviving runaways, these must be\r\nfainter
    or shorter-lived than the currently known runaways."
acknowledgement: "We thank Lars Bildsten, Evan Bauer, Ruediger Pakmor, Jim Fuller,
  Logan Proust, Abinaya Rajamuthukumar, and Stephan Geier for useful discussion related
  to\r\nthis work.\r\nThis work was supported by NSF grants AST-2508988\r\nand AST-2205631,
  NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope\r\nprogram No. 17441, and Scialog grant #SA-LSST-2024-\r\n114c
  from the Research Corporation for Science Advancement. The Kavli Institute for Theoretical
  Physics\r\n(KITP) hosted the program, “White Dwarfs as Probes of\r\nthe Evolution
  of Planets, Stars, the Milky Way, and the\r\nExpanding Universe,” during which this
  project was initiated. This research was supported in part by the U.S.\r\nNational
  Science Foundation (NSF) under grants PHY1748958. This research benefited from discussions
  that\r\nwere funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation\r\nthrough Grant GBMF5076.\r\nWe
  thank the staffs of the various observatories at\r\nwhich data were obtained. This
  work is partially based\r\non observations obtained at the Southern Astrophysical
  Research (SOAR) telescope, which is a joint project\r\nof the Minist´erio da Ciˆencia,
  Tecnologia e Inova¸c˜oes\r\n(MCTI/LNA) do Brasil, the US National Science Foundation’s
  NOIRLab, the University of North Carolina\r\nat Chapel Hill (UNC), and Michigan
  State University\r\n(MSU). Some of the data presented herein were obtained\r\nat
  the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a\r\nscientific partnership among
  the California Institute of\r\nTechnology, the University of California, and NASA;
  the observatory was made possible by the generous financial\r\nsupport of the W.
  M. Keck Foundation.\r\nThis research has made use of the Keck Observatory\r\nArchive
  (KOA), which is operated by the W. M. Keck\r\nObservatory and the NASA Exoplanet
  Science Institute\r\n(NExScI), under contract with the National Aeronautics\r\nand
  Space Administration.\r\nThis work has made use of data from the\r\nEuropean Space
  Agency (ESA) mission Gaia\r\n(https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed\r\nby
  the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium\r\n(DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/\r\ndpac/consortium).
  Funding for the DPAC has been\r\nprovided by national institutions, in particular
  the\r\ninstitutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral\r\nAgreement."
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Kareem
  full_name: El-Badry, Kareem
  last_name: El-Badry
- first_name: Klaus
  full_name: Werner, Klaus
  last_name: Werner
- first_name: Ken J.
  full_name: Shen, Ken J.
  last_name: Shen
- first_name: Jay
  full_name: Strader, Jay
  last_name: Strader
- first_name: Antonio C.
  full_name: Rodriguez, Antonio C.
  last_name: Rodriguez
- first_name: Jiwon Jesse
  full_name: Han, Jiwon Jesse
  last_name: Han
- first_name: Vedant
  full_name: Chandra, Vedant
  last_name: Chandra
- first_name: Laura
  full_name: Chomiuk, Laura
  last_name: Chomiuk
- first_name: Zachary P.
  full_name: Vanderbosch, Zachary P.
  last_name: Vanderbosch
- first_name: Lisa
  full_name: Blomberg, Lisa
  last_name: Blomberg
- first_name: Natsuko
  full_name: Yamaguchi, Natsuko
  last_name: Yamaguchi
- first_name: Pranav
  full_name: Nagarajan, Pranav
  last_name: Nagarajan
- first_name: Ilaria
  full_name: Caiazzo, Ilaria
  id: 8ae5b6e7-2a03-11ee-914d-b58ed7a3b47d
  last_name: Caiazzo
  orcid: 0000-0002-4770-5388
- first_name: Joannes C
  full_name: van Roestel, Joannes C
  id: 4d122fc8-6083-11f0-87a5-97d68b860333
  last_name: van Roestel
- first_name: Hila
  full_name: Glanz, Hila
  last_name: Glanz
- first_name: Tin Long Sunny
  full_name: Wong, Tin Long Sunny
  last_name: Wong
- first_name: Aakash
  full_name: Bhat, Aakash
  last_name: Bhat
- first_name: Mark A.
  full_name: Hollands, Mark A.
  last_name: Hollands
citation:
  ama: El-Badry K, Werner K, Shen KJ, et al. A systematic survey for hypervelocity
    runaways from thermonuclear supernovae. <i>The Open Journal of Astrophysics</i>.
    2026;9. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.33232/001c.164326">10.33232/001c.164326</a>
  apa: El-Badry, K., Werner, K., Shen, K. J., Strader, J., Rodriguez, A. C., Han,
    J. J., … Hollands, M. A. (2026). A systematic survey for hypervelocity runaways
    from thermonuclear supernovae. <i>The Open Journal of Astrophysics</i>. Maynooth
    Academic Publishing. <a href="https://doi.org/10.33232/001c.164326">https://doi.org/10.33232/001c.164326</a>
  chicago: El-Badry, Kareem, Klaus Werner, Ken J. Shen, Jay Strader, Antonio C. Rodriguez,
    Jiwon Jesse Han, Vedant Chandra, et al. “A Systematic Survey for Hypervelocity
    Runaways from Thermonuclear Supernovae.” <i>The Open Journal of Astrophysics</i>.
    Maynooth Academic Publishing, 2026. <a href="https://doi.org/10.33232/001c.164326">https://doi.org/10.33232/001c.164326</a>.
  ieee: K. El-Badry <i>et al.</i>, “A systematic survey for hypervelocity runaways
    from thermonuclear supernovae,” <i>The Open Journal of Astrophysics</i>, vol.
    9. Maynooth Academic Publishing, 2026.
  ista: El-Badry K, Werner K, Shen KJ, Strader J, Rodriguez AC, Han JJ, Chandra V,
    Chomiuk L, Vanderbosch ZP, Blomberg L, Yamaguchi N, Nagarajan P, Caiazzo I, van
    Roestel JC, Glanz H, Wong TLS, Bhat A, Hollands MA. 2026. A systematic survey
    for hypervelocity runaways from thermonuclear supernovae. The Open Journal of
    Astrophysics. 9.
  mla: El-Badry, Kareem, et al. “A Systematic Survey for Hypervelocity Runaways from
    Thermonuclear Supernovae.” <i>The Open Journal of Astrophysics</i>, vol. 9, Maynooth
    Academic Publishing, 2026, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.33232/001c.164326">10.33232/001c.164326</a>.
  short: K. El-Badry, K. Werner, K.J. Shen, J. Strader, A.C. Rodriguez, J.J. Han,
    V. Chandra, L. Chomiuk, Z.P. Vanderbosch, L. Blomberg, N. Yamaguchi, P. Nagarajan,
    I. Caiazzo, J.C. van Roestel, H. Glanz, T.L.S. Wong, A. Bhat, M.A. Hollands, The
    Open Journal of Astrophysics 9 (2026).
das_tickbox: '1'
dataavailabilitystatement: "We thank the staffs of the various observatories at\r\nwhich
  data were obtained. This work is partially based\r\non observations obtained at
  the Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR) telescope, which is a joint project\r\nof
  the Minist´erio da Ciˆencia, Tecnologia e Inova¸c˜oes\r\n(MCTI/LNA) do Brasil, the
  US National Science Foundation’s NOIRLab, the University of North Carolina\r\nat
  Chapel Hill (UNC), and Michigan State University\r\n(MSU). Some of the data presented
  herein were obtained\r\nat the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a\r\nscientific
  partnership among the California Institute of\r\nTechnology, the University of California,
  and NASA; the\r\nobservatory was made possible by the generous financial\r\nsupport
  of the W. M. Keck Foundation.\r\nThis research has made use of the Keck Observatory\r\nArchive
  (KOA), which is operated by the W. M. Keck\r\nObservatory and the NASA Exoplanet
  Science Institute\r\n(NExScI), under contract with the National Aeronautics\r\nand
  Space Administration.\r\nThis work has made use of data from the\r\nEuropean Space
  Agency (ESA) mission Gaia\r\n(https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed\r\nby
  the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium\r\n(DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/\r\ndpac/consortium).
  Funding for the DPAC has been\r\nprovided by national institutions, in particular
  the\r\ninstitutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral\r\nAgreement."
date_created: 2026-07-12T22:02:19Z
date_published: 2026-06-30T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-07-13T09:09:34Z
day: '30'
ddc:
- '520'
department:
- _id: IlCa
doi: 10.33232/001c.164326
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2606.11293'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 6320fd19e5ea3399f332be5aab022736
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2026-07-13T09:05:36Z
  date_updated: 2026-07-13T09:05:36Z
  file_id: '22282'
  file_name: 2026_OpenJourAstrophysics_ElBadry.pdf
  file_size: 1994596
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-07-13T09:05:36Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.33232/001c.164326
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '         9'
keyword:
- white dwarfs
- 'binaries: close'
- 'stars: chemically peculiar'
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: The Open Journal of Astrophysics
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2565-6120
publication_status: published
publisher: Maynooth Academic Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
researchdata_availability: no
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: no
title: A systematic survey for hypervelocity runaways from thermonuclear supernovae
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 9
year: '2026'
...