[{"date_published":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","day":"10","doi":"10.1103/75bl-mm3b","has_accepted_license":"1","publisher":"American Physical Society","volume":26,"month":"07","year":"2026","dataavailabilitystatement":"The data that support the findings of this article are openly available under 10.5281/zenodo\r\n.19615009. ","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Arrays of Josephson junctions can be tuned through anomalous metallic, quantum-critical, and insulating regimes. We introduce an alternative experimental probe, capturing microwave radiation across all three regimes, using a two-dimensional array of superconductor-semiconductor hybrid Josephson junctions as a model system. Our approach allows  calibration of the sample’s circuit parameters and provides isolation from measurement back-action effects. We measure the radiation temperature of the anomalous metal and find that it is hotter than both the quantum-critical and insulating regimes. We further show that the anomalous metallic regime is more susceptible to additional heating than other regimes, explaining its emergence in otherwise thermalized systems. Turning to the quantum-critical regime, we discover nonlinear scaling of radiative noise with applied bias, consistent with theoretical predictions of universal nonequilibrium behavior at quantum-critical points."}],"citation":{"short":"K.W. Galvin, A. Bubis, M. Mikalsen, W.F. Schiela, B.H. Elfeky, W.M. Strickland, D.T. Phan, J. Shabani, A.P. Higginbotham, Physical Review Applied 26 (2026).","ama":"Galvin KW, Bubis A, Mikalsen M, et al. Microwave radiometry of a quantum-critical hybrid Josephson array. <i>Physical Review Applied</i>. 2026;26. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/75bl-mm3b\">10.1103/75bl-mm3b</a>","chicago":"Galvin, Kristen W, Anton Bubis, Melissa Mikalsen, William F. Schiela, Bassel H. Elfeky, William M. Strickland, Duc T Phan, Javad Shabani, and Andrew P Higginbotham. “Microwave Radiometry of a Quantum-Critical Hybrid Josephson Array.” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>. American Physical Society, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/75bl-mm3b\">https://doi.org/10.1103/75bl-mm3b</a>.","ieee":"K. W. Galvin <i>et al.</i>, “Microwave radiometry of a quantum-critical hybrid Josephson array,” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>, vol. 26. American Physical Society, 2026.","apa":"Galvin, K. W., Bubis, A., Mikalsen, M., Schiela, W. F., Elfeky, B. H., Strickland, W. M., … Higginbotham, A. P. (2026). Microwave radiometry of a quantum-critical hybrid Josephson array. <i>Physical Review Applied</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/75bl-mm3b\">https://doi.org/10.1103/75bl-mm3b</a>","ista":"Galvin KW, Bubis A, Mikalsen M, Schiela WF, Elfeky BH, Strickland WM, Phan DT, Shabani J, Higginbotham AP. 2026. Microwave radiometry of a quantum-critical hybrid Josephson array. Physical Review Applied. 26, 014031.","mla":"Galvin, Kristen W., et al. “Microwave Radiometry of a Quantum-Critical Hybrid Josephson Array.” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>, vol. 26, 014031, American Physical Society, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/75bl-mm3b\">10.1103/75bl-mm3b</a>."},"publication_status":"published","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"date_created":"2026-07-14T05:35:24Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","scopus_import":"1","author":[{"id":"41737c86-5355-11ee-ae5a-d2146bfd0877","last_name":"Galvin","full_name":"Galvin, Kristen W","first_name":"Kristen W"},{"first_name":"Anton","full_name":"Bubis, Anton","last_name":"Bubis","id":"1f6212b5-f795-11ec-9c0c-de4780302890"},{"last_name":"Mikalsen","full_name":"Mikalsen, Melissa","first_name":"Melissa"},{"full_name":"Schiela, William F.","last_name":"Schiela","first_name":"William F."},{"full_name":"Elfeky, Bassel H.","last_name":"Elfeky","first_name":"Bassel H."},{"first_name":"William M.","last_name":"Strickland","full_name":"Strickland, William M."},{"id":"29C8C0B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Phan","full_name":"Phan, Duc T","first_name":"Duc T"},{"full_name":"Shabani, Javad","last_name":"Shabani","first_name":"Javad"},{"first_name":"Andrew P","orcid":"0000-0003-2607-2363","id":"4AD6785A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Higginbotham","full_name":"Higginbotham, Andrew P"}],"title":"Microwave radiometry of a quantum-critical hybrid Josephson array","intvolume":"        26","file_date_updated":"2026-07-16T09:39:37Z","publication":"Physical Review Applied","quality_controlled":"1","corr_author":"1","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"ddc":["530"],"article_number":"014031","arxiv":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2331-7019"]},"status":"public","PlanS_conform":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2026-07-16T09:41:27Z","_id":"22323","oa":1,"article_type":"original","oa_version":"Published Version","type":"journal_article","OA_type":"hybrid","supplementarymaterial":"no","acknowledgement":"We gratefully acknowledge feedback on the preprint\r\nfrom Charles Marcus, Vadim Khrapai, Joel Moore,\r\nAndrew Green, Shivaji Sondhi, Rufus Boyack, and\r\nLuca Delacr´etaz. This work was primarily supported by\r\nthe NOMIS foundation. This work was partially supported\r\nby the University of Chicago Materials Research Science\r\nand Engineering Center, which is funded by the National\r\nScience Foundation under Award No. DMR-2011854, and\r\nby the SFB Q-M&S funded by the Austrian Science Fund\r\n(FWF). We acknowledge technical support from the\r\nNanofabrication Facility and the MIBA machine shop at\r\nIST Austria.","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"AnHi"},{"_id":"GeKa"}],"external_id":{"arxiv":["2409.09835"]},"file":[{"date_updated":"2026-07-16T09:39:37Z","relation":"main_file","checksum":"d872ca35d9d2c7821642fda520be2c15","content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"22350","creator":"dernst","success":1,"date_created":"2026-07-16T09:39:37Z","file_size":2750867,"access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2026_PhysicalReviewApplied_Leonard.pdf"}],"OA_place":"publisher","project":[{"grant_number":"F8606","name":"Center for Correlated Quantum Materials and Solid State Quantum Systems: Conventional  and unconventional topological superconductors","_id":"34a66131-11ca-11ed-8bc3-a31681c6b03e"}],"researchdata_availability":"yes"}]