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<titleInfo><title>ASPIRE: The environments and dark matter halos of luminous quasars in the epoch of reionization</title></titleInfo>


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<abstract lang="eng">We present a systematic study of the environments of 25 luminous quasars at z &gt; 6.5 from the ASPIRE program.
Using JWST/NIRCam wide-field slitless spectroscopy data, we identified 487 galaxies at 5.3 ≲ z ≲ 7.0 exhibiting
[O III] emission. Among these, 122 [O III] emitters lie within |Δvlos| &lt; 1000 km s
−1 of the quasars, corresponding
to a ∼9.4-fold enhancement relative to the average galaxy density at other redshifts. Furthermore, we identified 16
[C II]-emitting galaxies at the quasar redshifts from Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) mosaic observations. A cross-correlation function analysis between quasars and [O III]+[C II] emitters yields a
cross-correlation length of r 8.68 h cMpc 0
QG
0.55 = +0.51 1
and an autocorrelation of r 15.76 h cMpc 0
QQ
2.70 = +2.48 1 ,
indicating that z ∼ 7 quasars reside in dark matter halos with
Mhalo 1012.27 0.26 M 0.21
= +
and have a quasar lifetime of
tQ 10 yr 7.05 1.01
0.95
= +
. Notably, the number of [O III]-emitting galaxies at quasar redshifts varies significantly from
field to field, ranging from 0 to 20, highlighting a diverse quasar environment. Remarkably, seven quasars trace
significant galaxy overdensities (i.e., protoclusters), with δgal &gt; 5 within a volume of V ∼ 500 cMpc3
. We also
find that |Δvlos| increases rapidly toward smaller galaxy–quasar separations in protocluster fields, consistent with
galaxy kinematics around extremely massive halos in cosmological simulations. By combining JWST and ALMA
data, we reveal the complex and diverse environments of these early quasars, providing robust evidence that the
earliest luminous quasars are effective tracers of galaxy overdensities, albeit with substantial field-to-field
variation.</abstract>

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<originInfo><publisher>IOP Publishing</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2026</dateIssued>
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<language><languageTerm authority="iso639-2b" type="code">eng</languageTerm>
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<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Astrophysical Journal</title></titleInfo>
  <identifier type="issn">0004637X</identifier>
  <identifier type="eIssn">15384357</identifier>
  <identifier type="arXiv">2602.04979</identifier><identifier type="doi">10.3847/1538-4357/ae7bfa</identifier>
<part><detail type="volume"><number>1006</number></detail><detail type="issue"><number>1</number></detail>
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<short>F. Wang, J.B. Champagne, J. Huang, J. Yang, J.F. Hennawi, X. Fan, H. Zhang, T. Costa, R. Decarli, M. Habouzit, F. Sun, E. Bañados, X. Jin, K. Kakiichi, R.A. Meyer, Y. Wu, S. Belladitta, L. Blecha, S.E.I. Bosman, Z. Cai, T. Connor, F.B. Davies, A.C. Eilers, Z. Haiman, H.D. Jun, M. Li, Z. Li, W. Liu, A. Lupi, J. Lyu, C. Mazzucchelli, M. Onoue, E. Pizzati, M. Pudoka, S. Rojas-Ruiz, J.T. Schindler, Y. Shen, W.L. Tee, B. Trakhtenbrot, M. Trebitsch, M. Vestergaard, M. Volonteri, F. Walter, H. Zhang, S. Zou, Astrophysical Journal 1006 (2026).</short>
<mla>Wang, Feige, et al. “ASPIRE: The Environments and Dark Matter Halos of Luminous Quasars in the Epoch of Reionization.” &lt;i&gt;Astrophysical Journal&lt;/i&gt;, vol. 1006, no. 1, 39, IOP Publishing, 2026, doi:&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae7bfa&quot;&gt;10.3847/1538-4357/ae7bfa&lt;/a&gt;.</mla>
<ama>Wang F, Champagne JB, Huang J, et al. ASPIRE: The environments and dark matter halos of luminous quasars in the epoch of reionization. &lt;i&gt;Astrophysical Journal&lt;/i&gt;. 2026;1006(1). doi:&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae7bfa&quot;&gt;10.3847/1538-4357/ae7bfa&lt;/a&gt;</ama>
<ieee>F. Wang &lt;i&gt;et al.&lt;/i&gt;, “ASPIRE: The environments and dark matter halos of luminous quasars in the epoch of reionization,” &lt;i&gt;Astrophysical Journal&lt;/i&gt;, vol. 1006, no. 1. IOP Publishing, 2026.</ieee>
<ista>Wang F, Champagne JB, Huang J, Yang J, Hennawi JF, Fan X, Zhang H, Costa T, Decarli R, Habouzit M, Sun F, Bañados E, Jin X, Kakiichi K, Meyer RA, Wu Y, Belladitta S, Blecha L, Bosman SEI, Cai Z, Connor T, Davies FB, Eilers AC, Haiman Z, Jun HD, Li M, Li Z, Liu W, Lupi A, Lyu J, Mazzucchelli C, Onoue M, Pizzati E, Pudoka M, Rojas-Ruiz S, Schindler JT, Shen Y, Tee WL, Trakhtenbrot B, Trebitsch M, Vestergaard M, Volonteri M, Walter F, Zhang H, Zou S. 2026. ASPIRE: The environments and dark matter halos of luminous quasars in the epoch of reionization. Astrophysical Journal. 1006(1), 39.</ista>
<chicago>Wang, Feige, Jaclyn B. Champagne, Jiamu Huang, Jinyi Yang, Joseph F. Hennawi, Xiaohui Fan, Haowen Zhang, et al. “ASPIRE: The Environments and Dark Matter Halos of Luminous Quasars in the Epoch of Reionization.” &lt;i&gt;Astrophysical Journal&lt;/i&gt;. IOP Publishing, 2026. &lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae7bfa&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae7bfa&lt;/a&gt;.</chicago>
<apa>Wang, F., Champagne, J. B., Huang, J., Yang, J., Hennawi, J. F., Fan, X., … Zou, S. (2026). ASPIRE: The environments and dark matter halos of luminous quasars in the epoch of reionization. &lt;i&gt;Astrophysical Journal&lt;/i&gt;. IOP Publishing. &lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae7bfa&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae7bfa&lt;/a&gt;</apa>
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