{"quality_controlled":"1","file_date_updated":"2026-07-21T12:20:49Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","file":[{"relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"22382","date_updated":"2026-07-21T12:20:49Z","file_size":3286905,"checksum":"95c1695f3c7183b2ad9d58167500b18d","date_created":"2026-07-21T12:20:49Z","success":1,"file_name":"2026_AstronomyAstrophysics_Marcel.pdf","creator":"dernst","access_level":"open_access"}],"doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202558103","article_number":"A387","article_type":"original","volume":710,"citation":{"chicago":"Marcel, G., S. G. D. Turner, B. J. Ricketts, V. López-Barquero, D. J. K. Buisson, F. Vincentelli, M. Middleton, C.S. Reynolds, and Mark Avara. “Disk Warping and Black Hole X-Ray Binaries: I. Tentative Unification of Low-Frequency Quasi-Periodic Oscillations.” <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>. EDP Sciences, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202558103\">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202558103</a>.","ieee":"G. Marcel <i>et al.</i>, “Disk warping and black hole X-ray binaries: I. Tentative unification of low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations,” <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>, vol. 710. EDP Sciences, 2026.","mla":"Marcel, G., et al. “Disk Warping and Black Hole X-Ray Binaries: I. Tentative Unification of Low-Frequency Quasi-Periodic Oscillations.” <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>, vol. 710, A387, EDP Sciences, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202558103\">10.1051/0004-6361/202558103</a>.","ama":"Marcel G, Turner SGD, Ricketts BJ, et al. Disk warping and black hole X-ray binaries: I. Tentative unification of low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations. <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>. 2026;710. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202558103\">10.1051/0004-6361/202558103</a>","apa":"Marcel, G., Turner, S. G. D., Ricketts, B. J., López-Barquero, V., Buisson, D. J. K., Vincentelli, F., … Avara, M. (2026). Disk warping and black hole X-ray binaries: I. Tentative unification of low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations. <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>. EDP Sciences. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202558103\">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202558103</a>","ista":"Marcel G, Turner SGD, Ricketts BJ, López-Barquero V, Buisson DJK, Vincentelli F, Middleton M, Reynolds CS, Avara M. 2026. Disk warping and black hole X-ray binaries: I. Tentative unification of low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations. Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics. 710, A387.","short":"G. Marcel, S.G.D. Turner, B.J. Ricketts, V. López-Barquero, D.J.K. Buisson, F. Vincentelli, M. Middleton, C.S. Reynolds, M. Avara, Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics 710 (2026)."},"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1432-0746"],"issn":["0004-6361"]},"_id":"22381","OA_place":"publisher","day":"01","intvolume":"       710","publication_status":"published","ddc":["520"],"OA_type":"diamond","has_accepted_license":"1","acknowledgement":"GM acknowledges support from the Polish National Science Center grant 2023/48/Q/ST9/00138 and the Academy of Finland grant 355672. The authors thank the Editor for their insightful comments and effective stewardship of the review process. SGDT acknowledges support under\r\nSTFC Grant ST/X001113/1. This work made use of the python packages\r\nMatplotlib (Hunter 2007), NumPy (Harris et al. 2020), and Stingray v2.2\r\n(Huppenkothen et al. 2019; Bachetti et al. 2024b,a).","scopus_import":"1","date_created":"2026-07-21T10:29:36Z","arxiv":1,"type":"journal_article","status":"public","oa_version":"Published Version","publication":"Astronomy & Astrophysics","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"06","year":"2026","oa":1,"PlanS_conform":"1","publisher":"EDP Sciences","abstract":[{"text":"Context. X-ray binaries exhibit complex variability patterns studied in the power spectrum. These include the broadband noise (BBN)\r\ncomponents and various types of narrow components called quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs). There is currently no consensus about\r\nwhat determines the presence or absence of the BBN or what generates the QPOs. Many believe that QPO generation is due to framedragging effects caused by Lense–Thirring torques.\r\nAims. We investigated the potential impact of frame-dragging effects on the accretion disk itself. In particular, we focused on its\r\nimpact on the observed variability and on the presence (and types) of associated QPOs.\r\nMethods. We made analytical estimates to assess the potential presence of a geometric warp in the inner accretion disk during state\r\ntransitions.\r\nResults. We show that the presence of a warp can modify the spectral-timing properties in a way that matches the observed transition\r\nbetween QPO types during outbursts. We also discuss the peculiar case of Cyg X-1, as well as how the hard-to-soft transition could\r\nbe driven by the warp itself.\r\nConclusions. The (expected) emergence of a warp provides a consistent explanation for the evolution of both the BBN and the QPO\r\nproperties during state transitions. This offers a first path toward unifying the variability of black hole X-ray binaries.","lang":"eng"}],"external_id":{"arxiv":["2511.10474"]},"researchdata_availability":"no","article_processing_charge":"No","department":[{"_id":"ZoHa"}],"supplementarymaterial":"yes","author":[{"full_name":"Marcel, G.","last_name":"Marcel","first_name":"G."},{"full_name":"Turner, S. G. D.","last_name":"Turner","first_name":"S. G. D."},{"full_name":"Ricketts, B. J.","first_name":"B. J.","last_name":"Ricketts"},{"full_name":"López-Barquero, V.","last_name":"López-Barquero","first_name":"V."},{"full_name":"Buisson, D. J. K.","last_name":"Buisson","first_name":"D. J. K."},{"last_name":"Vincentelli","first_name":"F.","full_name":"Vincentelli, F."},{"last_name":"Middleton","first_name":"M.","full_name":"Middleton, M."},{"full_name":"Reynolds, C.S.","last_name":"Reynolds","first_name":"C.S."},{"last_name":"Avara","id":"24edc561-7790-11f0-acf5-82cd0823fe7e","first_name":"Mark","full_name":"Avara, Mark"}],"date_published":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","date_updated":"2026-07-21T12:22:52Z","title":"Disk warping and black hole X-ray binaries: I. Tentative unification of low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations","das_tickbox":"0","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"}}