---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: diamond
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '22381'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Context. X-ray binaries exhibit complex variability patterns studied in the
power spectrum. These include the broadband noise (BBN)\r\ncomponents and various
types of narrow components called quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs). There is
currently no consensus about\r\nwhat determines the presence or absence of the
BBN or what generates the QPOs. Many believe that QPO generation is due to framedragging
effects caused by Lense–Thirring torques.\r\nAims. We investigated the potential
impact of frame-dragging effects on the accretion disk itself. In particular,
we focused on its\r\nimpact on the observed variability and on the presence (and
types) of associated QPOs.\r\nMethods. We made analytical estimates to assess
the potential presence of a geometric warp in the inner accretion disk during
state\r\ntransitions.\r\nResults. We show that the presence of a warp can modify
the spectral-timing properties in a way that matches the observed transition\r\nbetween
QPO types during outbursts. We also discuss the peculiar case of Cyg X-1, as well
as how the hard-to-soft transition could\r\nbe driven by the warp itself.\r\nConclusions.
The (expected) emergence of a warp provides a consistent explanation for the evolution
of both the BBN and the QPO\r\nproperties during state transitions. This offers
a first path toward unifying the variability of black hole X-ray binaries."
acknowledgement: "GM acknowledges support from the Polish National Science Center
grant 2023/48/Q/ST9/00138 and the Academy of Finland grant 355672. The authors thank
the Editor for their insightful comments and effective stewardship of the review
process. SGDT acknowledges support under\r\nSTFC Grant ST/X001113/1. This work made
use of the python packages\r\nMatplotlib (Hunter 2007), NumPy (Harris et al. 2020),
and Stingray v2.2\r\n(Huppenkothen et al. 2019; Bachetti et al. 2024b,a)."
article_number: A387
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: G.
full_name: Marcel, G.
last_name: Marcel
- first_name: S. G. D.
full_name: Turner, S. G. D.
last_name: Turner
- first_name: B. J.
full_name: Ricketts, B. J.
last_name: Ricketts
- first_name: V.
full_name: López-Barquero, V.
last_name: López-Barquero
- first_name: D. J. K.
full_name: Buisson, D. J. K.
last_name: Buisson
- first_name: F.
full_name: Vincentelli, F.
last_name: Vincentelli
- first_name: M.
full_name: Middleton, M.
last_name: Middleton
- first_name: C.S.
full_name: Reynolds, C.S.
last_name: Reynolds
- first_name: Mark
full_name: Avara, Mark
id: 24edc561-7790-11f0-acf5-82cd0823fe7e
last_name: Avara
citation:
ama: 'Marcel G, Turner SGD, Ricketts BJ, et al. Disk warping and black hole X-ray
binaries: I. Tentative unification of low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations.
Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2026;710. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202558103'
apa: 'Marcel, G., Turner, S. G. D., Ricketts, B. J., López-Barquero, V., Buisson,
D. J. K., Vincentelli, F., … Avara, M. (2026). Disk warping and black hole X-ray
binaries: I. Tentative unification of low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations.
Astronomy & Astrophysics. EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202558103'
chicago: 'Marcel, G., S. G. D. Turner, B. J. Ricketts, V. López-Barquero, D. J.
K. Buisson, F. Vincentelli, M. Middleton, C.S. Reynolds, and Mark Avara. “Disk
Warping and Black Hole X-Ray Binaries: I. Tentative Unification of Low-Frequency
Quasi-Periodic Oscillations.” Astronomy & Astrophysics. EDP Sciences,
2026. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202558103.'
ieee: 'G. Marcel et al., “Disk warping and black hole X-ray binaries: I.
Tentative unification of low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations,” Astronomy
& Astrophysics, vol. 710. EDP Sciences, 2026.'
ista: 'Marcel G, Turner SGD, Ricketts BJ, López-Barquero V, Buisson DJK, Vincentelli
F, Middleton M, Reynolds CS, Avara M. 2026. Disk warping and black hole X-ray
binaries: I. Tentative unification of low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations.
Astronomy & Astrophysics. 710, A387.'
mla: 'Marcel, G., et al. “Disk Warping and Black Hole X-Ray Binaries: I. Tentative
Unification of Low-Frequency Quasi-Periodic Oscillations.” Astronomy &
Astrophysics, vol. 710, A387, EDP Sciences, 2026, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202558103.'
short: G. Marcel, S.G.D. Turner, B.J. Ricketts, V. López-Barquero, D.J.K. Buisson,
F. Vincentelli, M. Middleton, C.S. Reynolds, M. Avara, Astronomy & Astrophysics
710 (2026).
das_tickbox: '0'
date_created: 2026-07-21T10:29:36Z
date_published: 2026-06-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-07-21T12:22:52Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '520'
department:
- _id: ZoHa
doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202558103
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2511.10474'
file:
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checksum: 95c1695f3c7183b2ad9d58167500b18d
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creator: dernst
date_created: 2026-07-21T12:20:49Z
date_updated: 2026-07-21T12:20:49Z
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file_name: 2026_AstronomyAstrophysics_Marcel.pdf
file_size: 3286905
relation: main_file
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file_date_updated: 2026-07-21T12:20:49Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 710'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: Astronomy & Astrophysics
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1432-0746
issn:
- 0004-6361
publication_status: published
publisher: EDP Sciences
quality_controlled: '1'
researchdata_availability: no
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: yes
title: 'Disk warping and black hole X-ray binaries: I. Tentative unification of low-frequency
quasi-periodic oscillations'
tmp:
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type: journal_article
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