---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - In light of globally increasing temperatures, accentuated in cities by the urban
    heat island effect, urban planners and designers are looking for new, quantitative
    methods to assess the performance of their designs in terms of ecosystem services
    provided by vegetation. Among these ecosystem services, improved microclimate
    conditions are particularly important for human thermal comfort and health. In
    this study, an urban scene in the tropical city of Singapore is numerically investigated
    with a fully-integrated, three-dimensional urban microclimate model implemented
    in OpenFOAM. Mass and heat transport in air and storage effect in the urban environment
    are coupled so that the daily turbulent transport in air using steady Reynolds-averaged
    Navier-Stokes (RANS) can be solved iteratively with the unsteady heat and moisture
    transfer from urban surfaces. Vegetation is modeled as a porous medium for the
    flow of moist air and a leaf energy balance model is used to determine the heat
    fluxes and transpiration at leaf surfaces. The analysis shows the influence of
    an urban park upon air temperatures and thermal comfort. Cooling intensity of
    1 °C is observed downwind of the park within a region of 27 m for an incoming
    wind speed of 2.3 m s−1, which reduces to 0.6 °C at a distance of 117 m from the
    park. The Universal Thermal Comfort Index (UTCI) shows a reduction in thermal
    stress in and around the park. The approach presented here can provide specific
    guidelines for urban planners and frame expectations on magnitude and spatial
    extent of local microclimate modifications generated by an urban park in a tropical
    city.@eng
  bibo_authorlist:
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Muhammad Omer
      foaf_name: Mughal, Muhammad Omer
      foaf_surname: Mughal
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Aytac
      foaf_name: Kubilay, Aytac
      foaf_surname: Kubilay
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Simone
      foaf_name: Fatichi, Simone
      foaf_surname: Fatichi
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=cf8e546b-a9b0-11f0-a43b-aa89ed1b56d6
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Naika
      foaf_name: Meili, Naika
      foaf_surname: Meili
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Jan
      foaf_name: Carmeliet, Jan
      foaf_surname: Carmeliet
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Peter
      foaf_name: Edwards, Peter
      foaf_surname: Edwards
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Paolo
      foaf_name: Burlando, Paolo
      foaf_surname: Burlando
  bibo_doi: 10.1016/j.uclim.2021.100939
  bibo_volume: 39
  dct_date: 2021^xs_gYear
  dct_isPartOf:
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/2212-0955
  dct_language: eng
  dct_publisher: Elsevier@
  dct_title: Detailed investigation of vegetation effects on microclimate by means
    of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in a tropical urban environment@
...