article published yes Léo Lemordant author Pierre Gentine author Marc Stéfanon author Philippe Drobinski author Simone Fatichi author cf8e546b-a9b0-11f0-a43b-aa89ed1b56d6 Plant stomata couple the energy, water, and carbon cycles. We use the framework of Regional Climate Modeling to simulate the 2003 European heat wave and assess how higher levels of surface CO2 may affect such an extreme event through land-atmosphere interactions. Increased CO2 modifies the seasonality of the water cycle through stomatal regulation and increased leaf area. As a result, the water saved during the growing season through higher water use efficiency mitigates summer dryness and the heat wave impact. Land-atmosphere interactions and CO2 fertilization together synergistically contribute to increased summer transpiration. This, in turn, alters the surface energy budget and decreases sensible heat flux, mitigating air temperature rise. Accurate representation of the response to higher CO2 levels and of the coupling between the carbon and water cycles is therefore critical to forecasting seasonal climate, water cycle dynamics, and to enhance the accuracy of extreme event prediction under future climate. American Geophysical Union2016 eng 0094-8276 1944-800710.1002/2016gl069896 431910,240-10,248 yes L. Lemordant, P. Gentine, M. Stéfanon, P. Drobinski, S. Fatichi, Geophysical Research Letters 43 (2016) 10,240-10,248. Lemordant L, Gentine P, Stéfanon M, Drobinski P, Fatichi S. 2016. Modification of land-atmosphere interactions by CO2 effects: Implications for summer dryness and heat wave amplitude. Geophysical Research Letters. 43(19), 10,240-10,248. Lemordant, Léo, Pierre Gentine, Marc Stéfanon, Philippe Drobinski, and Simone Fatichi. “Modification of Land-Atmosphere Interactions by CO2 Effects: Implications for Summer Dryness and Heat Wave Amplitude.” <i>Geophysical Research Letters</i>. American Geophysical Union, 2016. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gl069896">https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gl069896</a>. Lemordant, Léo, et al. “Modification of Land-Atmosphere Interactions by CO2 Effects: Implications for Summer Dryness and Heat Wave Amplitude.” <i>Geophysical Research Letters</i>, vol. 43, no. 19, American Geophysical Union, 2016, p. 10,240-10,248, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gl069896">10.1002/2016gl069896</a>. Lemordant L, Gentine P, Stéfanon M, Drobinski P, Fatichi S. Modification of land-atmosphere interactions by CO2 effects: Implications for summer dryness and heat wave amplitude. <i>Geophysical Research Letters</i>. 2016;43(19):10,240-10,248. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gl069896">10.1002/2016gl069896</a> L. Lemordant, P. Gentine, M. Stéfanon, P. Drobinski, and S. Fatichi, “Modification of land-atmosphere interactions by CO2 effects: Implications for summer dryness and heat wave amplitude,” <i>Geophysical Research Letters</i>, vol. 43, no. 19. American Geophysical Union, p. 10,240-10,248, 2016. Lemordant, L., Gentine, P., Stéfanon, M., Drobinski, P., &#38; Fatichi, S. (2016). Modification of land-atmosphere interactions by CO2 effects: Implications for summer dryness and heat wave amplitude. <i>Geophysical Research Letters</i>. American Geophysical Union. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gl069896">https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gl069896</a> 224842026-07-27T12:30:23Z2026-08-12T13:28:33Z