article published yes Daniel R. Richards author Richard N. Belcher author L. Roman Carrasco author Peter J. Edwards author Simone Fatichi author cf8e546b-a9b0-11f0-a43b-aa89ed1b56d6 Perrine Hamel author Mahyar Masoudi author Mark J. McDonnell author Nadav Peleg author Margaret C. Stanley author Urbanization has caused multiple environmental grand challenges that impair urban sustainability. Urban vegetation (UV), a mainstream nature-based solution (NBS), can mitigate urban challenges through providing important ecosystem services (ESs). However, successful implementation of UV to provide ESs, is impaired due to insufficient knowledge of its effectiveness under different climatic and socio-economic conditions. Here, we quantify seven ESs provided by UV across 2,148 cities with ≥250,000 residents. We show that UV makes substantial contributions to outdoor recreation and stormwater regulation but is less effective in reducing air pollution, in most cities, regardless of the climatic and socio-economic context. The contributions of UV to carbon sequestration, coastal protection, shade provision, and land surface temperature reduction were generally smaller and varied substantially dependent on city climatic and human development index characteristics. Comprehensive assessments for urban NBS planning are essential to maximize ES efficacy for urban sustainability improvements and support human well-being. Elsevier2022 eng 2590-332210.1016/j.oneear.2022.04.006 55522-533 yes D.R. Richards, R.N. Belcher, L.R. Carrasco, P.J. Edwards, S. Fatichi, P. Hamel, M. Masoudi, M.J. McDonnell, N. Peleg, M.C. Stanley, One Earth 5 (2022) 522–533. Richards, D. R., Belcher, R. N., Carrasco, L. R., Edwards, P. J., Fatichi, S., Hamel, P., … Stanley, M. C. (2022). Global variation in contributions to human well-being from urban vegetation ecosystem services. <i>One Earth</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2022.04.006">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2022.04.006</a> Richards, Daniel R., et al. “Global Variation in Contributions to Human Well-Being from Urban Vegetation Ecosystem Services.” <i>One Earth</i>, vol. 5, no. 5, Elsevier, 2022, pp. 522–33, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2022.04.006">10.1016/j.oneear.2022.04.006</a>. D. R. Richards <i>et al.</i>, “Global variation in contributions to human well-being from urban vegetation ecosystem services,” <i>One Earth</i>, vol. 5, no. 5. Elsevier, pp. 522–533, 2022. Richards DR, Belcher RN, Carrasco LR, Edwards PJ, Fatichi S, Hamel P, Masoudi M, McDonnell MJ, Peleg N, Stanley MC. 2022. Global variation in contributions to human well-being from urban vegetation ecosystem services. One Earth. 5(5), 522–533. Richards DR, Belcher RN, Carrasco LR, et al. Global variation in contributions to human well-being from urban vegetation ecosystem services. <i>One Earth</i>. 2022;5(5):522-533. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2022.04.006">10.1016/j.oneear.2022.04.006</a> Richards, Daniel R., Richard N. Belcher, L. Roman Carrasco, Peter J. Edwards, Simone Fatichi, Perrine Hamel, Mahyar Masoudi, Mark J. McDonnell, Nadav Peleg, and Margaret C. Stanley. “Global Variation in Contributions to Human Well-Being from Urban Vegetation Ecosystem Services.” <i>One Earth</i>. Elsevier, 2022. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2022.04.006">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2022.04.006</a>. 224902026-07-27T12:30:23Z2026-07-30T10:36:42Z