Influence of urban form and function on daytime-nighttime population differences and hazard risk assessments

article Influence of urban form and function on daytime-nighttime population differences and hazard risk assessments published yes Yue Zhu author Jing Wang author Gabriele Manoli author Ye Zhang author Dengkai Chi author Naika Meili author Yeshan Qiu author Guo-Shiuan Lin author Puay Yok Tan author Paolo Burlando author Simone Fatichi author cf8e546b-a9b0-11f0-a43b-aa89ed1b56d6 Neglecting the temporal variations in population distribution can lead to significant discrepancies in exposure estimations for disaster management, especially in the face of increasing natural hazards due to climate change. Effective disaster management necessitates a nuanced understanding of how the urban environment influences the temporal variations in population distribution. This study addresses this knowledge gap by investigating the relationship between the spatial patterns of urban elements and daytime-nighttime population differences across eight European cities. The study reveals a substantial association between urban form indicators and daytime-nighttime population differences. Although the findings suggest that there is no one-size-fits-all set of indicators for different cities, ‘closeness centrality’, which measures the accessibility of a specific location within the overall street network, is identified as a key proxy for daytime-nighttime population differences across all cities analysed, which can be further linked to the accuracy of hazard exposure estimation. These findings can contribute to enhancing urban resilience by offering insights into spatio-temporal population dynamics and considering their implications for disaster management. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Springer Nature2025 eng npj Urban Sustainability 2661-800110.1038/s42949-025-00282-0 5 yes Y. Zhu et al., “Influence of urban form and function on daytime-nighttime population differences and hazard risk assessments,” npj Urban Sustainability, vol. 5. Springer Nature, 2025. Y. Zhu, J. Wang, G. Manoli, Y. Zhang, D. Chi, N. Meili, Y. Qiu, G.-S. Lin, P.Y. Tan, P. Burlando, S. Fatichi, Npj Urban Sustainability 5 (2025). Zhu Y, Wang J, Manoli G, Zhang Y, Chi D, Meili N, Qiu Y, Lin G-S, Tan PY, Burlando P, Fatichi S. 2025. Influence of urban form and function on daytime-nighttime population differences and hazard risk assessments. npj Urban Sustainability. 5, 91. Zhu, Y., Wang, J., Manoli, G., Zhang, Y., Chi, D., Meili, N., … Fatichi, S. (2025). Influence of urban form and function on daytime-nighttime population differences and hazard risk assessments. Npj Urban Sustainability. Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s42949-025-00282-0">https://doi.org/10.1038/s42949-025-00282-0</a> Zhu, Yue, et al. “Influence of Urban Form and Function on Daytime-Nighttime Population Differences and Hazard Risk Assessments.” Npj Urban Sustainability, vol. 5, 91, Springer Nature, 2025, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s42949-025-00282-0">10.1038/s42949-025-00282-0</a>. Zhu, Yue, Jing Wang, Gabriele Manoli, Ye Zhang, Dengkai Chi, Naika Meili, Yeshan Qiu, et al. “Influence of Urban Form and Function on Daytime-Nighttime Population Differences and Hazard Risk Assessments.” Npj Urban Sustainability. Springer Nature, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s42949-025-00282-0">https://doi.org/10.1038/s42949-025-00282-0</a>. Zhu Y, Wang J, Manoli G, et al. Influence of urban form and function on daytime-nighttime population differences and hazard risk assessments. npj Urban Sustainability. 2025;5. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s42949-025-00282-0">10.1038/s42949-025-00282-0</a> 225012026-07-27T12:30:24Z2026-08-07T09:56:28Z