---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - "The Indian and East Asian summer monsoons shape the melt and accumulation patterns
    of glaciers in High Mountain Asia in complex ways due to the interaction of persistent
    cloud cover, large temperature ranges, high atmospheric water content and high
    precipitation rates. Glacier energy- and mass-balance modelling using in situ
    measurements offers insights into the ways in which surface processes are shaped
    by climatic regimes. In this study, we use a full energy- and mass-balance model
    and seven on-glacier automatic weather station datasets from different parts of
    the Central and Eastern Himalaya to investigate how monsoon conditions influence
    the glacier surface energy and mass balance. In particular, we look at how debris-covered
    and debris-free glaciers respond differently to monsoonal conditions. The radiation
    budget primarily controls the melt of clean-ice glaciers, but turbulent fluxes
    play an important role in modulating the melt energy on debris-covered glaciers.
    The sensible heat flux decreases during core monsoon, but the latent heat flux
    cools the surface due to evaporation of liquid water. This interplay of radiative
    and turbulent fluxes causes debris-covered glacier melt rates to stay almost constant
    through the different phases of the monsoon. Ice melt under thin debris, on the
    other hand, is amplified by both the dark surface and the turbulent fluxes, which
    intensify melt during monsoon through surface heating and condensation. Pre-monsoon
    snow cover can considerably delay melt onset and have a strong impact on the seasonal
    mass balance. Intermittent monsoon snow cover lowers the melt rates at high elevation.
    This work is fundamental to the understanding of the present and future Himalayan
    cryosphere and water budget, while informing and motivating further glacier- and
    catchment-scale research using process-based models.The radiation budget primarily
    controls the melt of clean-ice glaciers, but turbulent fluxes play an important
    role in modulating the melt energy on debris-covered glaciers. The sensible heat
    flux decreases during core monsoon, but the latent heat flux cools the surface
    due to evaporation of liquid water. This interplay of radiative and turbulent
    fluxes causes debris-covered glacier melt rates to stay almost constant through
    the different phases of the monsoon. Ice melt under thin debris, on the other
    hand, is amplified by both the dark surface and the turbulent fluxes, which intensify
    melt during monsoon through surface heating and condensation.\r\nPre-monsoon snow
    cover can considerably delay melt onset and have a strong impact on the seasonal
    mass balance. Intermittent monsoon snow cover lowers the melt rates at high elevation.
    This work is fundamental to the understanding of the present and future Himalayan
    cryosphere and water budget, while informing and motivating further glacier- and
    catchment-scale research using process-based models.</jats:p>@eng"
  bibo_authorlist:
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Stefan
      foaf_name: Fugger, Stefan
      foaf_surname: Fugger
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Catriona L.
      foaf_name: Fyffe, Catriona L.
      foaf_surname: Fyffe
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Simone
      foaf_name: Fatichi, Simone
      foaf_surname: Fatichi
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=cf8e546b-a9b0-11f0-a43b-aa89ed1b56d6
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Evan
      foaf_name: Miles, Evan
      foaf_surname: Miles
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Michael
      foaf_name: McCarthy, Michael
      foaf_surname: McCarthy
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Thomas E.
      foaf_name: Shaw, Thomas E.
      foaf_surname: Shaw
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Baohong
      foaf_name: Ding, Baohong
      foaf_surname: Ding
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Wei
      foaf_name: Yang, Wei
      foaf_surname: Yang
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Patrick
      foaf_name: Wagnon, Patrick
      foaf_surname: Wagnon
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Walter
      foaf_name: Immerzeel, Walter
      foaf_surname: Immerzeel
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Qiao
      foaf_name: Liu, Qiao
      foaf_surname: Liu
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Francesca
      foaf_name: Pellicciotti, Francesca
      foaf_surname: Pellicciotti
  bibo_doi: 10.5194/tc-16-1631-2022
  bibo_issue: '5'
  bibo_volume: 16
  dct_date: 2022^xs_gYear
  dct_isPartOf:
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/1994-0424
  dct_language: eng
  dct_publisher: Copernicus Publications@
  dct_title: Understanding monsoon controls on the energy and mass balance of glaciers
    in the Central and Eastern Himalaya@
...