---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - Increasing concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide are expected to affect
    carbon assimilation and evapotranspiration (ET), ultimately driving changes in
    plant growth, hydrology, and the global carbon balance. Direct leaf biochemical
    effects have been widely investigated, whereas indirect effects, although documented,
    elude explicit quantification in experiments. Here, we used a mechanistic model
    to investigate the relative contributions of direct (through carbon assimilation)
    and indirect (via soil moisture savings due to stomatal closure, and changes in
    leaf area index) effects of elevated CO2 across a variety of ecosystems. We specifically
    determined which ecosystems and climatic conditions maximize the indirect effects
    of elevated CO2. The simulations suggest that the indirect effects of elevated
    CO2 on net primary productivity are large and variable, ranging from less than
    10% to more than 100% of the size of direct effects. For ET, indirect effects
    were, on average, 65% of the size of direct effects. Indirect effects tended to
    be considerably larger in water-limited ecosystems. As a consequence, the total
    CO2 effect had a significant, inverse relationship with the wetness index and
    was directly related to vapor pressure deficit. These results have major implications
    for our understanding of the CO2 response of ecosystems and for global projections
    of CO2 fertilization, because, although direct effects are typically understood
    and easily reproducible in models, simulations of indirect effects are far more
    challenging and difficult to constrain. Our findings also provide an explanation
    for the discrepancies between experiments in the total CO2 effect on net primary
    productivity.@eng
  bibo_authorlist:
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Simone
      foaf_name: Fatichi, Simone
      foaf_surname: Fatichi
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=cf8e546b-a9b0-11f0-a43b-aa89ed1b56d6
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Sebastian
      foaf_name: Leuzinger, Sebastian
      foaf_surname: Leuzinger
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Athanasios
      foaf_name: Paschalis, Athanasios
      foaf_surname: Paschalis
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: J. Adam
      foaf_name: Langley, J. Adam
      foaf_surname: Langley
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Alicia
      foaf_name: Donnellan Barraclough, Alicia
      foaf_surname: Donnellan Barraclough
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Mark J.
      foaf_name: Hovenden, Mark J.
      foaf_surname: Hovenden
  bibo_doi: 10.1073/pnas.1605036113
  bibo_issue: '45'
  bibo_volume: 113
  dct_date: 2016^xs_gYear
  dct_isPartOf:
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/0027-8424
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/1091-6490
  dct_language: eng
  dct_publisher: National Academy of Sciences@
  dct_subject:
  - carbon dioxide
  - modeling
  - FACE
  - soil moisture
  - evapotranspiration
  dct_title: Partitioning direct and indirect effects reveals the response of water-limited
    ecosystems to elevated CO@
  fabio_hasPubmedId: '27791074'
...