---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - "Urban heat islands (UHIs) are a widely studied phenomenon, while research on
    urban-rural differences in humidity, the so called urban dry or moisture islands
    (UDIs, UMIs), is less common and a large-scale quantification of the seasonal
    and diurnal patterns of the UDI is still lacking. However, quantification of the
    UDI/UMI effect is essential to understand the impacts of humidity on outdoor thermal
    comfort, building energy consumption, and urban ecology in cities worldwide. Here,
    we use a set of globally distributed air temperature and humidity measurements
    (1089 stations) to quantify diurnal and seasonal patterns of UHI and UDI resulting
    from rapid urbanization over many regions of the world. The terms ‘absolute UDI’
    and ‘relative UDI’ are defined, which quantify urban–rural differences in actual
    and relative humidity metrics, respectively.\r\n\r\nResults show that absolute
    UDI is largest during daytime with the peak humidity decrease in urban areas occurring
    during late afternoon hours. In contrast, relative UDI is largest during night
    and the peak urban relative humidity (RH) decrease and vapor pressure deficit
    (VPD) increase occurs in the late evening hours with values of around −10% to
    −11% for RH and 2.9–3.6 hPa for VPD between 20–00 local time during summer. Relative
    and absolute UDIs are largest during the warm season, except for daytime RH UDI,
    which does not show any seasonal pattern. In agreement with literature, canopy
    air UHI is shown to be a nighttime phenomenon, which is larger during summer than
    winter. Relative UDI is predominantly caused by changes in actual humidity during
    day and UHI during nighttime.@eng"
  bibo_authorlist:
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Naika
      foaf_name: Meili, Naika
      foaf_surname: Meili
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Athanasios
      foaf_name: Paschalis, Athanasios
      foaf_surname: Paschalis
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Gabriele
      foaf_name: Manoli, Gabriele
      foaf_surname: Manoli
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Simone
      foaf_name: Fatichi, Simone
      foaf_surname: Fatichi
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=cf8e546b-a9b0-11f0-a43b-aa89ed1b56d6
  bibo_doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/ac68f8
  bibo_issue: '5'
  bibo_volume: 17
  dct_date: 2022^xs_gYear
  dct_isPartOf:
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/1748-9326
  dct_language: eng
  dct_publisher: IOP Publishing@
  dct_subject:
  - Urban dry island
  - Urban moisture island
  - Urban heat island
  - Urban climate
  - Urbanization effects
  - Humidity
  dct_title: Diurnal and seasonal patterns of global urban dry islands@
...