---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '22559'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Extreme precipitation is thought to increase with warming at rates similar
    to or greater than the water vapour holding capacity of the air at ~ 7% °C−1,
    the so-called Clausius–Clapeyron (CC) rate. We present an empirical study of the
    variability in the rates of increase in precipitation intensity with air temperature
    using 30 years of 10 min and 1 h data from 59 stations in Switzerland. The analysis
    is conducted on storm events rather than fixed interval data, and divided into
    storm type subsets based on the presence of lightning which is expected to indicate
    convection. The average rates of increase in extremes (95th percentile) of mean
    event intensity computed from 10 min data are 6.5% °C−1 (no-lightning events),
    8.9% °C−1 (lightning events) and 10.7% °C−1 (all events combined). For peak 10
    min intensities during an event the rates are 6.9% °C−1 (no-lightning events),
    9.3% °C−1 (lightning events) and 13.0% °C−1 (all events combined). Mixing of the
    two storm types exaggerates the relations to air temperature. Doubled CC rates
    reported by other studies are an exception in our data set, even in convective
    rain. The large spatial variability in scaling rates across Switzerland suggests
    that both local (orographic) and regional effects limit moisture supply and availability
    in Alpine environments, especially in mountain valleys. The estimated number of
    convective events has increased across Switzerland in the last 30 years, with
    30% of the stations showing statistically significant changes. The changes in
    intense convective storms with higher temperatures may be relevant for hydrological
    risk connected with those events in the future.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: P.
  full_name: Molnar, P.
  last_name: Molnar
- first_name: Simone
  full_name: Fatichi, Simone
  id: cf8e546b-a9b0-11f0-a43b-aa89ed1b56d6
  last_name: Fatichi
- first_name: L.
  full_name: Gaál, L.
  last_name: Gaál
- first_name: J.
  full_name: Szolgay, J.
  last_name: Szolgay
- first_name: P.
  full_name: Burlando, P.
  last_name: Burlando
citation:
  ama: Molnar P, Fatichi S, Gaál L, Szolgay J, Burlando P. Storm type effects on super
    Clausius–Clapeyron scaling of intense rainstorm properties with air temperature.
    <i>Hydrology and Earth System Sciences</i>. 2015;19(4):1753-1766. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1753-2015">10.5194/hess-19-1753-2015</a>
  apa: Molnar, P., Fatichi, S., Gaál, L., Szolgay, J., &#38; Burlando, P. (2015).
    Storm type effects on super Clausius–Clapeyron scaling of intense rainstorm properties
    with air temperature. <i>Hydrology and Earth System Sciences</i>. Copernicus Publications.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1753-2015">https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1753-2015</a>
  chicago: Molnar, P., Simone Fatichi, L. Gaál, J. Szolgay, and P. Burlando. “Storm
    Type Effects on Super Clausius–Clapeyron Scaling of Intense Rainstorm Properties
    with Air Temperature.” <i>Hydrology and Earth System Sciences</i>. Copernicus
    Publications, 2015. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1753-2015">https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1753-2015</a>.
  ieee: P. Molnar, S. Fatichi, L. Gaál, J. Szolgay, and P. Burlando, “Storm type effects
    on super Clausius–Clapeyron scaling of intense rainstorm properties with air temperature,”
    <i>Hydrology and Earth System Sciences</i>, vol. 19, no. 4. Copernicus Publications,
    pp. 1753–1766, 2015.
  ista: Molnar P, Fatichi S, Gaál L, Szolgay J, Burlando P. 2015. Storm type effects
    on super Clausius–Clapeyron scaling of intense rainstorm properties with air temperature.
    Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 19(4), 1753–1766.
  mla: Molnar, P., et al. “Storm Type Effects on Super Clausius–Clapeyron Scaling
    of Intense Rainstorm Properties with Air Temperature.” <i>Hydrology and Earth
    System Sciences</i>, vol. 19, no. 4, Copernicus Publications, 2015, pp. 1753–66,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1753-2015">10.5194/hess-19-1753-2015</a>.
  short: P. Molnar, S. Fatichi, L. Gaál, J. Szolgay, P. Burlando, Hydrology and Earth
    System Sciences 19 (2015) 1753–1766.
das_tickbox: '1'
date_created: 2026-07-27T12:30:24Z
date_published: 2015-04-16T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-08-06T08:56:50Z
day: '16'
doi: 10.5194/hess-19-1753-2015
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        19'
issue: '4'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1753-2015
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 1753-1766
publication: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1607-7938
  issn:
  - 1027-5606
publication_status: published
publisher: Copernicus Publications
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Storm type effects on super Clausius–Clapeyron scaling of intense rainstorm
  properties with air temperature
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0)
  short: CC BY (3.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd
volume: 19
year: '2015'
...