@article{22642,
  abstract     = {Continuously operating atom-light interfaces represent a key prerequisite for steady-state quantum sensors and efficient quantum processors. Here, we demonstrate continuous accumulation of sub-Doppler-cooled atoms in a shallow intracavity dipole trap, realizing this regime. The key ingredient is a light-shift manipulation that creates spatially varying cooling parameters, enabling efficient capture and accumulation of atoms within a cavity mode. Demonstrated with rubidium atoms, a continuous flux from a source cell is funneled through the magneto-optical trap into the cavity mode, where the atoms are cooled and maintained below 10µK in steady state without time-sequenced operation. We characterize the resulting continuously maintained ensemble of millions of atoms and its collective coupling to the cavity field, establishing a route toward continuously operated cavity-QED systems and long-duration atomic and hybrid quantum sensors.},
  author       = {Gheorghita, Edward-Fulbright and Wald, Sebastian and Pupić, Andrea and Hosten, Onur},
  issn         = {2469-9934},
  journal      = {Physical Review A},
  number       = {2},
  publisher    = {American Physical Society},
  title        = {{Continuous accumulation of cold atoms in an optical cavity}},
  doi          = {10.1103/71f2-sq4p},
  volume       = {114},
  year         = {2026},
}