---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '22642'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Continuously operating atom-light interfaces represent a key prerequisite
    for steady-state quantum sensors and efficient quantum processors. Here, we demonstrate
    continuous accumulation of sub-Doppler-cooled atoms in a shallow intracavity dipole
    trap, realizing this regime. The key ingredient is a light-shift manipulation
    that creates spatially varying cooling parameters, enabling efficient capture
    and accumulation of atoms within a cavity mode. Demonstrated with rubidium atoms,
    a continuous flux from a source cell is funneled through the magneto-optical trap
    into the cavity mode, where the atoms are cooled and maintained below 10µK in
    steady state without time-sequenced operation. We characterize the resulting continuously
    maintained ensemble of millions of atoms and its collective coupling to the cavity
    field, establishing a route toward continuously operated cavity-QED systems and
    long-duration atomic and hybrid quantum sensors.
acknowledgement: "The authors thank Vyacheslav Li for his earlier contributions to
  the development of the setup utilized in this work.\r\nThis work was supported by
  the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA); E.G. was supported by the
  European Research Council under Grant No. 101087907 (ERC CoG\r\nQuHAMP)."
article_number: '023302'
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Edward-Fulbright
  full_name: Gheorghita, Edward-Fulbright
  id: e664a051-133f-11ed-8f02-a05999ad0822
  last_name: Gheorghita
- first_name: Sebastian
  full_name: Wald, Sebastian
  id: 133F200A-B015-11E9-AD41-0EDAE5697425
  last_name: Wald
  orcid: 0000-0002-5869-1604
- first_name: Andrea
  full_name: Pupić, Andrea
  id: ef9c50a4-5335-11ef-8b9b-8ce03e6380ed
  last_name: Pupić
- first_name: Onur
  full_name: Hosten, Onur
  id: 4C02D85E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hosten
  orcid: 0000-0002-2031-204X
citation:
  ama: Gheorghita E-F, Wald S, Pupić A, Hosten O. Continuous accumulation of cold
    atoms in an optical cavity. <i>Physical Review A</i>. 2026;114(2). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/71f2-sq4p">10.1103/71f2-sq4p</a>
  apa: Gheorghita, E.-F., Wald, S., Pupić, A., &#38; Hosten, O. (2026). Continuous
    accumulation of cold atoms in an optical cavity. <i>Physical Review A</i>. American
    Physical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/71f2-sq4p">https://doi.org/10.1103/71f2-sq4p</a>
  chicago: Gheorghita, Edward-Fulbright, Sebastian Wald, Andrea Pupić, and Onur Hosten.
    “Continuous Accumulation of Cold Atoms in an Optical Cavity.” <i>Physical Review
    A</i>. American Physical Society, 2026. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/71f2-sq4p">https://doi.org/10.1103/71f2-sq4p</a>.
  ieee: E.-F. Gheorghita, S. Wald, A. Pupić, and O. Hosten, “Continuous accumulation
    of cold atoms in an optical cavity,” <i>Physical Review A</i>, vol. 114, no. 2.
    American Physical Society, 2026.
  ista: Gheorghita E-F, Wald S, Pupić A, Hosten O. 2026. Continuous accumulation of
    cold atoms in an optical cavity. Physical Review A. 114(2), 023302.
  mla: Gheorghita, Edward-Fulbright, et al. “Continuous Accumulation of Cold Atoms
    in an Optical Cavity.” <i>Physical Review A</i>, vol. 114, no. 2, 023302, American
    Physical Society, 2026, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/71f2-sq4p">10.1103/71f2-sq4p</a>.
  short: E.-F. Gheorghita, S. Wald, A. Pupić, O. Hosten, Physical Review A 114 (2026).
corr_author: '1'
das_tickbox: '1'
dataavailabilitystatement: "There are no publicly available research data or software\r\nsupporting
  this manuscript. Requests for further information\r\nor data should be sent to the
  authors."
date_created: 2026-08-04T05:58:23Z
date_published: 2026-08-03T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-08-04T06:07:20Z
day: '03'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: OnHo
- _id: GradSch
doi: 10.1103/71f2-sq4p
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2512.14528'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: fdecc394b734b56e1b3b151a816bbe14
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2026-08-04T06:03:14Z
  date_updated: 2026-08-04T06:03:14Z
  file_id: '22643'
  file_name: 2026_PhysicalReviewA_Gheorghita.pdf
  file_size: 959463
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-08-04T06:03:14Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '       114'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: bdb2a702-d553-11ed-ba76-f12e3e5a3bc6
  grant_number: '101087907'
  name: 'A quantum hybrid of atoms and milligram-scale pendulums: towards gravitational
    quantum mechanics'
publication: Physical Review A
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2469-9934
  issn:
  - 2469-9926
publication_status: published
publisher: American Physical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
researchdata_availability: upon request
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: yes
title: Continuous accumulation of cold atoms in an optical cavity
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 114
year: '2026'
...