---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - Ground-based gravitational-wave (GW) observatories have detected approximately
    200 binary black hole (BH) mergers. The astrophysical origin of these events is
    debated, with evidence suggesting that at least a subset originated from dynamic
    environments characterized by frequent close encounters. Accretion disks in active
    galactic nuclei (AGNs) are of particular interest, as certain observed features
    could be more readily produced within such environments. In this paper, we investigate
    the expected properties of mergers in these environments, and their dependence
    on various parameters, using 1D N-body simulations combined with a comprehensive
    semianalytical model. In our fiducial model, the distributions of masses (m1 and
    m2) and mass ratios (q ≡ m2/m1 ≤ 1) are similar to those observed. However, they
    depend strongly on the lifetime and density of the AGN disk and on the number
    and accretion efficiency of BHs, with higher masses predicted as these quantities
    increase. The most massive mergers, such as GW231123, can be produced either by
    efficient gas accretion or by hierarchical mergers among ≥3 generations of BHs.
    The observed negative correlation between q and the average effective spin (χeff),
    along with the positive correlation between χeff and the chirp mass (Mchirp),
    can be explained by a combination of efficient gas accretion, which promotes spin
    alignment, and hierarchical mergers, which produce high-∣χeff∣ and low-q binaries.
    Hierarchical mergers can also explain the negative correlation between q and the
    dispersion of χeff, as well as the positive correlation between ∣χeff∣and Mchirp.
    We present a comprehensive study on how the expected distribution of each of these
    quantities depends on model parameters and assumptions, which will aid the interpretation
    of observed GW population properties.@eng
  bibo_authorlist:
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Hiromichi
      foaf_name: Tagawa, Hiromichi
      foaf_surname: Tagawa
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Zoltán
      foaf_name: Haiman, Zoltán
      foaf_surname: Haiman
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
    orcid: 0000-0003-3633-5403
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Bence
      foaf_name: Kocsis, Bence
      foaf_surname: Kocsis
  bibo_doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ae8760
  bibo_issue: '1'
  bibo_volume: 1007
  dct_date: 2026^xs_gYear
  dct_isPartOf:
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/000-4637X
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/1538-4357
  dct_language: eng
  dct_publisher: IOP Publishing@
  dct_title: Properties of black hole mergers in disks of active galactic nuclei@
...