[{"author":[{"first_name":"Andreas","id":"eaa689ed-f6e0-11ea-865d-bd98cbcf83c2","orcid":"0000-0002-0997-5678","full_name":"Ehrmann, Andreas","last_name":"Ehrmann"},{"id":"EB352CD2-F68A-11E9-89C5-A432E6697425","orcid":"0000-0002-1307-5074","full_name":"Goodrich, Carl Peter","first_name":"Carl Peter","last_name":"Goodrich"}],"status":"public","month":"06","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.14266","open_access":"1"}],"publication":"arXiv","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"22873","status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains"}]},"doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2506.14266","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","day":"07","date_published":"2026-06-07T00:00:00Z","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by_nc_nd.png","short":"CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)"},"acknowledgement":"We thank Edouard Hannezo, Ella King, Maximilian Lechner, and Jérémie Palacci for stimulating discussions, and Edouard Hannezo, Maximilian Hübl, and\r\nMaitane Muñoz-Basagoiti for helpful comments on the manuscript. This research was funded in part by the\r\nAustrian Science Fund (FWF) [10.55776/PAT8537123].","corr_author":"1","external_id":{"arxiv":["2506.14266"]},"citation":{"ieee":"A. Ehrmann and C. P. Goodrich, “Controlling energy delivery with bistable nanostructures,” <i>arXiv</i>. .","ama":"Ehrmann A, Goodrich CP. Controlling energy delivery with bistable nanostructures. <i>arXiv</i>. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.14266\">10.48550/arXiv.2506.14266</a>","chicago":"Ehrmann, Andreas, and Carl Peter Goodrich. “Controlling Energy Delivery with Bistable Nanostructures.” <i>ArXiv</i>, n.d. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.14266\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.14266</a>.","mla":"Ehrmann, Andreas, and Carl Peter Goodrich. “Controlling Energy Delivery with Bistable Nanostructures.” <i>ArXiv</i>, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.14266\">10.48550/arXiv.2506.14266</a>.","apa":"Ehrmann, A., &#38; Goodrich, C. P. (n.d.). Controlling energy delivery with bistable nanostructures. <i>arXiv</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.14266\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.14266</a>","ista":"Ehrmann A, Goodrich CP. Controlling energy delivery with bistable nanostructures. arXiv, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.14266\">10.48550/arXiv.2506.14266</a>.","short":"A. Ehrmann, C.P. Goodrich, ArXiv (n.d.)."},"date_created":"2026-09-09T13:16:54Z","department":[{"_id":"CaGo"},{"_id":"EdHa"}],"_id":"22892","title":"Controlling energy delivery with bistable nanostructures","article_processing_charge":"No","oa":1,"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.14266","oa_version":"Preprint","OA_place":"repository","publication_status":"draft","type":"preprint","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"year":"2026","project":[{"name":"Functional bio-inspired nanomachines from sticky colloids","_id":"90a98bb5-16d5-11f0-9cad-9675f3f8015d","grant_number":"PAT 8537123"}],"date_updated":"2026-09-18T11:28:29Z","arxiv":1,"abstract":[{"text":"Countless biological processes are fueled by energy-rich molecules like ATP and GTP that supply energy with extreme efficiency. However, designing similar energy-delivery schemes from the bottom up, essential for the development of powered nanostructures and other \\emph{de novo} machinery, presents a significant challenge: how can an energy-rich structure be stable in solution yet still deliver this energy at precisely the right time? In this paper, we present a purely physical mechanism that solves this challenge, facilitating energy transfer akin to ATP hydrolysis, yet occurring between synthetic nanostructures without any biochemical interactions. This targeted energy delivery is achieved by exploiting a differentiable state-based model to balance the energy profiles that govern the structural transitions in the two nanostructures, creating a coupled relaxation pathway with minimal barriers that facilitates energy delivery. We verify the effectiveness and robustness of this mechanism through Langevin Dynamics simulations, demonstrating that a bath of the high-energy structures can systematically and repeatedly drive the target structure out of equilibrium, enabling it to perform tasks. As the mechanism operates only through explicit physical forces without any biochemistry or internal state variables, our results present generic and far-reaching design principles, setting the stage for the next generation of synthetic nanomachines.","lang":"eng"}]}]