[{"das_tickbox":"1","date_updated":"2026-09-22T06:56:26Z","volume":12,"acknowledgement":"We thank the scientific service units at ISTA, especially the imaging optic facility (IOF), the machine shop (Miba), specifically T. Asenov, the preclinical facility (PCF), specifically M. Schunn and S. Haslinger, C. Jansen for bioinformatic support, and the laboratory support facility (LSF). We also thank M. Benevento for supporting the design and partial performance of electrophysiology and fluorescence in situ hybridization experiments and for extensive discussions about the manuscript draft, R. Schulz and G. Colombo for advice on morphological reconstruction, M. Schmidt for valuable discussions about Fkbp5, and all Siegert team members for constant feedback on the project and manuscript. Grammarly was used to assist with grammatical revisions. We specifically acknowledge the following experimental contributions: R.J.A.C. (Multiome quality control), P.K. (electrophysiology), B.T., C.T.J.V., K.J. (multiome), J.Y. (KXA estimates), M.A. and T.N. (morphOMICs).\r\nA.V., M.A., T.N., R.J.A.C., J.Y., P.K., and S.S. were supported by the Institute of Science and Technology Austria. C.T.J.V., K.J., and B.T. were supported by the Allen Institute.","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2375-2548"]},"publisher":"AAAS","DOAJ_listed":"1","ddc":["570"],"license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","publication_status":"published","external_id":{"pmid":["42536755 "]},"tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"type":"journal_article","oa_version":"Published Version","OA_type":"gold","researchdata_availability":"yes","publication":"Science Advances","date_created":"2026-09-17T11:05:39Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"eadz6517","citation":{"short":"A. Venturino, A. Alam, T. Negrello, K. Jin, C.T.J. van Velthoven, R.J. Cubero, J. Yeung, P. Koppensteiner, B. Tasic, S. Siegert, Science Advances 12 (2026).","ista":"Venturino A, Alam A, Negrello T, Jin K, van Velthoven CTJ, Cubero RJ, Yeung J, Koppensteiner P, Tasic B, Siegert S. 2026. Corticosterone-linked microglial activity underpins sexually dimorphic neuroplasticity after ketamine anesthesia. Science Advances. 12(31), eadz6517.","mla":"Venturino, Alessandro, et al. “Corticosterone-Linked Microglial Activity Underpins Sexually Dimorphic Neuroplasticity after Ketamine Anesthesia.” <i>Science Advances</i>, vol. 12, no. 31, eadz6517, AAAS, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adz6517\">10.1126/sciadv.adz6517</a>.","apa":"Venturino, A., Alam, A., Negrello, T., Jin, K., van Velthoven, C. T. J., Cubero, R. J., … Siegert, S. (2026). Corticosterone-linked microglial activity underpins sexually dimorphic neuroplasticity after ketamine anesthesia. <i>Science Advances</i>. AAAS. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adz6517\">https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adz6517</a>","ieee":"A. Venturino <i>et al.</i>, “Corticosterone-linked microglial activity underpins sexually dimorphic neuroplasticity after ketamine anesthesia,” <i>Science Advances</i>, vol. 12, no. 31. AAAS, 2026.","ama":"Venturino A, Alam A, Negrello T, et al. Corticosterone-linked microglial activity underpins sexually dimorphic neuroplasticity after ketamine anesthesia. <i>Science Advances</i>. 2026;12(31). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adz6517\">10.1126/sciadv.adz6517</a>","chicago":"Venturino, Alessandro, Amin Alam, Thomas Negrello, Kelly Jin, Cindy T. J. van Velthoven, Ryan J Cubero, Jake Yeung, Peter Koppensteiner, Bosiljka Tasic, and Sandra Siegert. “Corticosterone-Linked Microglial Activity Underpins Sexually Dimorphic Neuroplasticity after Ketamine Anesthesia.” <i>Science Advances</i>. AAAS, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adz6517\">https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adz6517</a>."},"dataavailabilitystatement":"All data and code needed to evaluate and reproduce the results in the paper are present in the paper and/or the Supplementary Materials. This study did not generate new materials. Transcriptional data can be accessed at the NCBI GEO accession GSE298669. The code for the morphological analysis is available under DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19057068. The codes for the single-nucleus analysis are accessible under DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19019013 and DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19071467.","status":"public","_id":"22951","abstract":[{"text":"Anesthesia recovery is critical for resuming normal physiological and neuronal functions; however, the mechanisms involved remain elusive. Here, we identify a female-selective corticosterone-mediated microglia-neuron interaction during ketamine anesthesia recovery, absent in males. This microglia-neuron interaction induces plastic and functional neuronal changes, as evidenced by increased mEPSC frequency, which was occluded upon microglia depletion. We showed that this process is driven through up-regulation of the stress-responsive co-chaperone Fkbp5 mRNA and its protein, Fkbp51, in female microglia. Fkbp5/Fkbp51 is a key intermediary in a corticosteroid-induced stress response, and its involvement points toward a critical interface between endocrine signaling and microglia. To counteract the observed ketamine anesthesia-mediated increase in blood corticosterone during recovery, we removed the primary source of corticosterone by adrenalectomy. Close microglia-neuron interaction was reduced and increased again following corticosterone injection. Our findings identify a sex-specific microglia-mediated mechanism of neuronal plasticity during anesthesia recovery, driven by corticosterone, thereby enhancing our understanding of sex differences in brain function.","lang":"eng"}],"PlanS_conform":"1","scopus_import":"1","article_type":"original","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adz6517","pmid":1,"title":"Corticosterone-linked microglial activity underpins sexually dimorphic neuroplasticity after ketamine anesthesia","date_published":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","file":[{"file_name":"2026_ScienceAdv_Venturino.pdf","success":1,"date_created":"2026-09-22T06:50:16Z","relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"22980","creator":"dernst","checksum":"715a1f35a0805be85ef90556205a2cbc","date_updated":"2026-09-22T06:50:16Z","access_level":"open_access","file_size":4556377}],"quality_controlled":"1","department":[{"_id":"SaSi"},{"_id":"ScienComp"},{"_id":"PreCl"}],"corr_author":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","oa":1,"year":"2026","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"PreCl"},{"_id":"LifeSc"}],"intvolume":"        12","author":[{"id":"41CB84B2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Venturino","full_name":"Venturino, Alessandro","first_name":"Alessandro","orcid":"0000-0003-2356-9403"},{"id":"65a3f615-b651-11f1-9c4b-da4396a4174a","last_name":"Alam","full_name":"Alam, Amin","first_name":"Amin"},{"first_name":"Thomas","id":"37d68bf2-b651-11f1-b680-ec86ff9a70f3","last_name":"Negrello","full_name":"Negrello, Thomas"},{"full_name":"Jin, Kelly","last_name":"Jin","first_name":"Kelly"},{"first_name":"Cindy T. J.","full_name":"van Velthoven, Cindy T. J.","last_name":"van Velthoven"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-0002-1867","full_name":"Cubero, Ryan J","id":"850B2E12-9CD4-11E9-837F-E719E6697425","last_name":"Cubero","first_name":"Ryan J"},{"id":"123012b2-db30-11eb-b4d8-a35840c0551b","last_name":"Yeung","full_name":"Yeung, Jake","first_name":"Jake","orcid":"0000-0003-1732-1559"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-3509-1948","full_name":"Koppensteiner, Peter","id":"3B8B25A8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Koppensteiner","first_name":"Peter"},{"first_name":"Bosiljka","full_name":"Tasic, Bosiljka","last_name":"Tasic"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8635-0877","id":"36ACD32E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Siegert","full_name":"Siegert, Sandra","first_name":"Sandra"}],"day":"01","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","issue":"31","month":"07","article_processing_charge":"Yes","file_date_updated":"2026-09-22T06:50:16Z","supplementarymaterial":"yes","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adz6517","OA_place":"publisher"}]