---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '22966'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Solid-state polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are promising for high-safety, high-energy-density
    lithium metal batteries, but their adoption is limited by low room-temperature
    ionic conductivity and insufficient mechanical robustness. This study reports
    an improved SPE architecture consisting of a three-dimensional (3D) polyacrylonitrile
    (PAN)–Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) fibrous skeleton infused with a polymer electrolyte
    ionic liquid (PIL), which promotes lithium-salt dissociation, accelerates Li+
    transport, and enhances mechanical strength. The resulting SPE achieves an ionic
    conductivity of up to 0.51 mS cm−1. Li|Li symmetric cells using a 40-µm-thick
    SPE cycle stably for 2500 h at 0.2 mA cm−2 with a low overpotential of 30 mV.
    In Li|LiFePO4 (LFP) full cells, the electrolyte enables 86.8% capacity retention
    after 1000 cycles at 0.5 C and maintains stable operation at 130 °C. Flexible
    pouch-cell tests further confirm improved safety and durability under harsh conditions,
    highlighting the potential of this SPE design for high-voltage lithium metal batteries.
acknowledgement: 'This work was financially supported by the Generalitat de Catalunya
  (2021SGR01581), the Major Innovation Projects for Integrating Science, Education
  & Industry of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) (Grant
  No. 2025ZDZX19) and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2026M790106).
  ICN2 is supported by the Severo Ochoa program from Spanish MCIN/AEI (Grant No.:
  CEX2021-001214-S) and is funded by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya.
  ICN2 acknowledges funding from Generalitat de Catalunya 2021SGR00457. The authors
  thank support from the project AMaDE (PID2023-149158OB-C43), funded by MCIN/AEI/https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033/
  and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”, by the “European Union”. Part of the present
  work has been performed in the framework of Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Materials
  Science PhD program. JY has received funding from the CSC-UAB PhD scholarship program.
  ISTA co-authors acknowledge funding from the Werner Siemens Foundation. Authors
  acknowledge the use of instrumentation as well as the technical advice provided
  by the Joint Electron Microscopy Center at ALBA (JEMCA). ICN2 acknowledges funding
  from Grant IU16-014206 (METCAM-FIB) funded by the European Union through the European
  Regional Development Fund (ERDF), with the support of the Ministry of Research and
  Universities, Generalitat de Catalunya. ICN2 is founding member of e-DREAM [51].
  JL is a Serra Húnter Fellow and is grateful to the Academia Excellence program (Generalitat
  de Catalunya) and to projects MICIU/FEDER PID2024-156765OB-C21 and Maria de Maeztu
  Units of Excellence Programme CEX2023-001300-M funded by MCIN/AEI https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033.Open
  Access funding provided by CERCA through the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature.'
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Shengnan
  full_name: Zhang, Shengnan
  last_name: Zhang
- first_name: Guifang
  full_name: Zeng, Guifang
  last_name: Zeng
- first_name: Jing
  full_name: Yu, Jing
  last_name: Yu
- first_name: Sharona
  full_name: Horta, Sharona
  id: 03a7e858-01b1-11ec-8b71-99ae6c4a05bc
  last_name: Horta
- first_name: Xuan
  full_name: Lu, Xuan
  last_name: Lu
- first_name: Qing
  full_name: Sun, Qing
  last_name: Sun
- first_name: Yuchuan
  full_name: Ren, Yuchuan
  last_name: Ren
- first_name: Maria
  full_name: Ibáñez, Maria
  id: 43C61214-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Ibáñez
  orcid: 0000-0001-5013-2843
- first_name: Jordi
  full_name: Llorca, Jordi
  last_name: Llorca
- first_name: Jordi Jacas
  full_name: Biendicho, Jordi Jacas
  last_name: Biendicho
- first_name: Jordi
  full_name: Arbiol, Jordi
  last_name: Arbiol
- first_name: Lijie
  full_name: Ci, Lijie
  last_name: Ci
- first_name: Andreu
  full_name: Cabot, Andreu
  last_name: Cabot
citation:
  ama: Zhang S, Zeng G, Yu J, et al. Reinforced poly(ionic liquid)-in-salt electrolytes
    for highly stable solid-state Lithium metal batteries. <i>Advanced Fiber Materials</i>.
    2026. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s42765-026-00775-2">10.1007/s42765-026-00775-2</a>
  apa: Zhang, S., Zeng, G., Yu, J., Horta, S., Lu, X., Sun, Q., … Cabot, A. (2026).
    Reinforced poly(ionic liquid)-in-salt electrolytes for highly stable solid-state
    Lithium metal batteries. <i>Advanced Fiber Materials</i>. Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s42765-026-00775-2">https://doi.org/10.1007/s42765-026-00775-2</a>
  chicago: Zhang, Shengnan, Guifang Zeng, Jing Yu, Sharona Horta, Xuan Lu, Qing Sun,
    Yuchuan Ren, et al. “Reinforced Poly(Ionic Liquid)-in-Salt Electrolytes for Highly
    Stable Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries.” <i>Advanced Fiber Materials</i>.
    Springer, 2026. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s42765-026-00775-2">https://doi.org/10.1007/s42765-026-00775-2</a>.
  ieee: S. Zhang <i>et al.</i>, “Reinforced poly(ionic liquid)-in-salt electrolytes
    for highly stable solid-state Lithium metal batteries,” <i>Advanced Fiber Materials</i>.
    Springer, 2026.
  ista: Zhang S, Zeng G, Yu J, Horta S, Lu X, Sun Q, Ren Y, Ibáñez M, Llorca J, Biendicho
    JJ, Arbiol J, Ci L, Cabot A. 2026. Reinforced poly(ionic liquid)-in-salt electrolytes
    for highly stable solid-state Lithium metal batteries. Advanced Fiber Materials.
  mla: Zhang, Shengnan, et al. “Reinforced Poly(Ionic Liquid)-in-Salt Electrolytes
    for Highly Stable Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries.” <i>Advanced Fiber Materials</i>,
    Springer, 2026, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s42765-026-00775-2">10.1007/s42765-026-00775-2</a>.
  short: S. Zhang, G. Zeng, J. Yu, S. Horta, X. Lu, Q. Sun, Y. Ren, M. Ibáñez, J.
    Llorca, J.J. Biendicho, J. Arbiol, L. Ci, A. Cabot, Advanced Fiber Materials (2026).
das_tickbox: '1'
dataavailabilitystatement: The data that support the findings of this study are available
  from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
date_created: 2026-09-20T22:01:49Z
date_published: 2026-09-08T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-10-06T11:57:17Z
day: '08'
ddc:
- '540'
department:
- _id: MaIb
doi: 10.1007/s42765-026-00775-2
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42765-026-00775-2
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42765-026-00775-2
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 9B8F7476-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A
  name: 'HighTE: The Werner Siemens Laboratory for the High Throughput Discovery of
    Semiconductors for Waste Heat Recovery'
publication: Advanced Fiber Materials
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2524-793X
  issn:
  - 2524-7921
publication_status: epub_ahead
publisher: Springer
quality_controlled: '1'
researchdata_availability: upon request
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: yes
title: Reinforced poly(ionic liquid)-in-salt electrolytes for highly stable solid-state
  Lithium metal batteries
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2026'
...