---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - 'A widespread observation in molecular evolution is that X-linked genes evolve
    faster—and often adapt faster—than autosomal genes. Three main ideas have been
    put forward to explain “faster-X” adaptation. The first is that new beneficial
    mutations are typically partially recessive with respect to fitness, leading to
    more efficient selection in hemizygous males. The second is that sex differences
    in recombination, or sex differences in variance in reproductive success, enhance
    the effective population size on the X chromosome relative to autosomes. Both
    ideas have limitations: the first conflicts with theories of dominance, in which
    beneficial mutations are proposed to be partially dominant, while the second only
    applies to some taxa. Here we tested a third, newly-proposed theory, in which
    mutations with large “scaled phenotypic effects” (i.e., large effects relative
    to the distance to a phenotypic optimum) experience more positive selection on
    the X. Specifically, we used three proxies for scaled phenotypic effects—amino-acid
    dissimilarity, amino-acid conservation, and gene age—and estimated X and autosomal
    rates of adaptation of nonsynonymous mutations across effect-size classes. We
    did this in three lineages with a well-documented faster-X: Drosophila melanogaster,
    Mus musculus, and Homo sapiens. As expected, we found that large-effect mutations
    were more likely to be under purifying selection and less likely to be under positive
    selection than small-effect mutations. However, contrary to the new theory, faster-X
    adaptation was not enriched among large-effect mutations. Overall, our results
    highlight an unresolved gap between patterns of sex chromosome evolution and theories
    of dominance for fitness.@eng'
  bibo_authorlist:
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Filip
      foaf_name: Ruzicka, Filip
      foaf_surname: Ruzicka
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=347955dd-57b0-11ee-9095-c28bdd368f4b
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Beatriz
      foaf_name: Vicoso, Beatriz
      foaf_surname: Vicoso
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
    orcid: 0000-0002-4579-8306
  bibo_doi: 10.1093/gbe/evag259
  dct_date: 2026^xs_gYear
  dct_isPartOf:
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/1759-6653
  dct_language: eng
  dct_publisher: Oxford University Press@
  dct_subject:
  - evolutionary biology
  - population genetics
  - sex chromosomes
  - adaptation
  - genetic divergence
  - McDonald-Kreitman test
  - Fisher’s geometric model
  dct_title: Is faster-X adaptation due to large-effect mutations? An empirical test
    of a new theory@
...