---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - "High-redshift supermassive black holes (SMBHs) have challenged our understanding
    of black hole formation and growth. The ‘heavy-seed’ pathway eases the problem
    with the progenitors of these SMBHs having birth masses up to∼105 M\x03. Here,
    we investigate the possibility that a local dwarf galaxy, Leo I, harbours a heavy-seed
    descendant. Using Monte Carlo merger trees to generate the merger histories of
    1000 dark matter haloes similar to the Milky Way (MW), we search for Leo- like
    satellite haloes and investigate the probability that the progenitors of these
    satellites formed a heavy seed. We derive the likelihood of such ‘heavy-seed survivors’
    (HSSs) across various formation and survival criteria as well as Leo-similarity
    criteria. We find that the virial temperature for the onset of atomic cooling
    and rapid gas infall that yields heavy seeds, Tact , has the largest impact on
    HSS frequency. We find HSSs in a fraction 0.7 per cent, 18.1 per cent, and 96.5
    per cent of MW-like haloes when Tact is set to 9000, 7000, and 5000 K, respectively.
    For the canonical atomic-cooling threshold ( Tact \x02 8000 K), the HSS fraction
    is\x03 1per cent , indicating that Leo I hosting a heavy-seed descendant is unlikely
    under well-motivated physical assumptions. Higher HSS fractions occur only under
    optimistic and currently unsubstantiated assumptions on Tact . Nevertheless, these
    results motivate future work that clarifies the possibility of heavy-seed BH formation
    in pristine haloes with nominal virial temperatures below 8000 K. This may motivate
    Leo I as a target for disentangling heavy seeds from other SMBH formation mechanisms.@eng"
  bibo_authorlist:
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Matthew T.
      foaf_name: Scoggins, Matthew T.
      foaf_surname: Scoggins
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Zoltán
      foaf_name: Haiman, Zoltán
      foaf_surname: Haiman
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
    orcid: 0000-0003-3633-5403
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Fabio
      foaf_name: Pacucci, Fabio
      foaf_surname: Pacucci
  bibo_doi: 10.1093/mnras/stag1839
  bibo_issue: '3'
  bibo_volume: 552
  dct_date: 2026^xs_gYear
  dct_isPartOf:
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/0035-8711
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/1365-2966
  dct_language: eng
  dct_publisher: Oxford University Press@
  dct_title: 'Heavy black hole seed survivors in dwarf galaxies: A case study of Leo I@'
...