---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '23174'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Roots must continuously adapt their growth and have evolved the ability to
    rapidly respond to diverse environmental and hormonal cues, including the phytohormone
    auxin. Auxin-induced cellular responses involve membrane depolarization, cytosolic
    calcium (Ca²⁺) elevation, and extracellular pH increase, but how these processes
    lead to rapid growth regulation remains unclear. Here, we show that cytosolic
    Ca²⁺ acts as a universal signal integrating diverse cues for rapid regulation
    of root growth. Using live imaging, microfluidics, and optogenetics in Arabidopsis,
    we demonstrate that a swift rise in cytosolic Ca²⁺ is the primary target of auxin
    signaling affecting growth inhibition. Disruption of Ca²⁺ influx abolishes these
    responses, whereas light-gated Ca²⁺ influx from the apoplast or endoplasmic reticulum
    stores inhibits growth. Multiple unrelated stimuli—including auxin, extracellular
    ATP, RALF peptides, and hydrogen peroxide—converge on this Ca²⁺-dependent mechanism.
    Cytosolic Ca²⁺ elevation thus represents a necessary and sufficient step for rapid
    growth inhibition, revealing a unifying principle of root signaling.
acknowledgement: "We gratefully acknowledge Dr. Andrea Bleckmann, creator of pBLAX000
  vector and Dr. Shiqiang Gao for donation of template used in XXM-ER cloning. This
  research was supported by the Laboratory Support Facility, the Plant Facility, the
  IT Facility and the Imaging and Optical Facility of the Institute of Science and
  Technology Austria. The graphical elements used in Fig. 5 were adapted and modified
  from Servier, https://smart.servier.com, and are used under CC BY 3.0 licence. The
  authors acknowledge the use of AI-tools (Microsoft Copilot, Gemini) for language
  refinement. All content was critically reviewed by authors.\r\n\r\nFunder Information
  Declared\r\nEuropean Research Council, 101142681 CYNIPS\r\nAustrian Science Fund,
  P 37051-B"
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Marek
  full_name: Randuch, Marek
  id: 6ac4636d-15b2-11ec-abd3-fb8df79972ae
  last_name: Randuch
- first_name: Ivan
  full_name: Kulich, Ivan
  id: 57a1567c-8314-11eb-9063-c9ddc3451a54
  last_name: Kulich
- first_name: Dmitrii
  full_name: Vladimirtsev, Dmitrii
  id: 60466724-5355-11ee-ae5a-fa55e8f99c3d
  last_name: Vladimirtsev
- first_name: Shouguang
  full_name: Huang, Shouguang
  last_name: Huang
- first_name: Rainer
  full_name: Hedrich, Rainer
  last_name: Hedrich
- first_name: Jiří
  full_name: Friml, Jiří
  id: 4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Friml
  orcid: 0000-0002-8302-7596
biorxivid: 1
citation:
  ama: Randuch M, Kulich I, Vladimirtsev D, Huang S, Hedrich R, Friml J. Cytosolic
    Ca2+ as a universal signal for rapid root growth regulation. <i>bioRxiv</i>. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.10.17.683082">10.1101/2025.10.17.683082</a>
  apa: Randuch, M., Kulich, I., Vladimirtsev, D., Huang, S., Hedrich, R., &#38; Friml,
    J. (n.d.). Cytosolic Ca2+ as a universal signal for rapid root growth regulation.
    <i>bioRxiv</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.10.17.683082">https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.10.17.683082</a>
  chicago: Randuch, Marek, Ivan Kulich, Dmitrii Vladimirtsev, Shouguang Huang, Rainer
    Hedrich, and Jiří Friml. “Cytosolic Ca2+ as a Universal Signal for Rapid Root
    Growth Regulation.” <i>BioRxiv</i>, n.d. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.10.17.683082">https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.10.17.683082</a>.
  ieee: M. Randuch, I. Kulich, D. Vladimirtsev, S. Huang, R. Hedrich, and J. Friml,
    “Cytosolic Ca2+ as a universal signal for rapid root growth regulation,” <i>bioRxiv</i>.
    .
  ista: Randuch M, Kulich I, Vladimirtsev D, Huang S, Hedrich R, Friml J. Cytosolic
    Ca2+ as a universal signal for rapid root growth regulation. bioRxiv, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.10.17.683082">10.1101/2025.10.17.683082</a>.
  mla: Randuch, Marek, et al. “Cytosolic Ca2+ as a Universal Signal for Rapid Root
    Growth Regulation.” <i>BioRxiv</i>, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.10.17.683082">10.1101/2025.10.17.683082</a>.
  short: M. Randuch, I. Kulich, D. Vladimirtsev, S. Huang, R. Hedrich, J. Friml, BioRxiv
    (n.d.).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2026-10-19T11:44:48Z
date_published: 2025-10-17T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-10-19T12:49:25Z
day: '17'
department:
- _id: JiFr
doi: 10.1101/2025.10.17.683082
external_id:
  biorxivid:
  - 10.1101/2025.10.17.683082
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.10.17.683082
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.10.17.683082
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
project:
- _id: 8f347782-16d5-11f0-9cad-8c19706ee739
  grant_number: '101142681'
  name: Cyclic nucleotides as second messengers in plants
- _id: 7bcece63-9f16-11ee-852c-ae94e099eeb6
  grant_number: P37051
  name: Guanylate cyclase activity of TIR1/AFBs auxin receptors
publication: bioRxiv
publication_status: draft
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '23145'
    relation: dissertation_contains
    status: for_moderation
status: public
title: Cytosolic Ca2+ as a universal signal for rapid root growth regulation
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: preprint
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2025'
...