---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - "We investigate the low-ionization electron density in the interstellar medium
    (ISM) of galaxies across 0 < z < 8,\r\nderived with the [O II] λλ3727, 3730 and
    [S II] λλ6718, 6733 doublets, using both deep JWST/NIRCam/grism\r\nand NIRSpec/MSA
    spectroscopy. Along with ancillary density samples from the literature at 0 <
    z < 6, we\r\nassemble three samples containing a total of 703 galaxies spanning
    3.7 < z < 7.8 at 〈z〉 ∼ 5.6; 691 galaxies in the\r\nluminosity-complete NIRCam/grism
    programs CONGRESS and FRESCO at 〈z〉 ∼ 4.3 and ∼5.3, respectively;\r\nand 12 galaxies
    with high-resolution NIRSpec/MSA spectra from the GO 1871 and GLASS programs.
    We find\r\nmedian electron densities of ne[S II] = + 463 203 cm 281 3\r\nfor CONGRESS,
    ne[S II] = + 301 206 cm 388 3\r\nfor FRESCO, and\r\nne[O II] = + 202 102 cm 145
    3\r\nfor the NIRSpec/MSA sample. The median low-ionization ne increases from z
    = 0 to 4,\r\nin agreement with previous studies and those using JWST observations.
    However, beyond z ∼ 4 median ne begins\r\nto deviate from a monotonically increasing
    evolution with z. We find a positive, but shallow, correlation between\r\nO32
    (a proxy for the ionization parameter) and ne, while also confirming a positive
    correlation between O32 and z.\r\nWe suggest that these trends are possibly due
    to an evolving ISM gas density and ionization structure, and\r\npropose a toy
    model where the gas clumping evolves with z to explain the observed density and
    ionization\r\nvariations.@eng"
  bibo_authorlist:
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Mabel G.
      foaf_name: Stephenson, Mabel G.
      foaf_surname: Stephenson
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: John
      foaf_name: Chisholm, John
      foaf_surname: Chisholm
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: A.
      foaf_name: Saldana-Lopez, A.
      foaf_surname: Saldana-Lopez
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Jorryt J
      foaf_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
      foaf_surname: Matthee
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
    orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Alaina
      foaf_name: Henry, Alaina
      foaf_surname: Henry
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Rohan P.
      foaf_name: Naidu, Rohan P.
      foaf_surname: Naidu
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Sophia R.
      foaf_name: Flury, Sophia R.
      foaf_surname: Flury
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Taylor A.
      foaf_name: Hutchison, Taylor A.
      foaf_surname: Hutchison
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Steven L.
      foaf_name: Finkelstein, Steven L.
      foaf_surname: Finkelstein
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Natalia G.
      foaf_name: Guseva, Natalia G.
      foaf_surname: Guseva
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Yuri I.
      foaf_name: Izotov, Yuri I.
      foaf_surname: Izotov
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Rui
      foaf_name: Marques-Chaves, Rui
      foaf_surname: Marques-Chaves
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Pascal A.
      foaf_name: Oesch, Pascal A.
      foaf_surname: Oesch
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Naveen A.
      foaf_name: Reddy, Naveen A.
      foaf_surname: Reddy
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Daniel
      foaf_name: Schaerer, Daniel
      foaf_surname: Schaerer
  bibo_doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ae9eb7
  bibo_issue: '2'
  bibo_volume: 1010
  dct_date: 2026^xs_gYear
  dct_isPartOf:
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/0004-637X
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/1538-4357
  dct_language: eng
  dct_publisher: IOP Publishing@
  dct_title: The evolution of low-ionization electron densities in galaxies across
    cosmic epochs@
...