---
_id: '2516'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'We study the problem of object recognition for categories for which we have
    no training examples, a task also called zero-data or zero-shot learning. This
    situation has hardly been studied in computer vision research, even though it
    occurs frequently: the world contains tens of thousands of different object classes
    and for only few of them image collections have been formed and suitably annotated.
    To tackle the problem we introduce attribute-based classification: objects are
    identified based on a high-level description that is phrased in terms of semantic
    attributes, such as the object''s color or shape. Because the identification of
    each such property transcends the specific learning task at hand, the attribute
    classifiers can be pre-learned independently, e.g. from existing image datasets
    unrelated to the current task. Afterwards, new classes can be detected based on
    their attribute representation, without the need for a new training phase. In
    this paper we also introduce a new dataset, Animals with Attributes, of over 30,000
    images of 50 animal classes, annotated with 85 semantic attributes. Extensive
    experiments on this and two more datasets show that attribute-based classification
    indeed is able to categorize images without access to any training images of the
    target classes.'
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Christoph
  full_name: Lampert, Christoph
  id: 40C20FD2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Lampert
  orcid: 0000-0001-8622-7887
- first_name: Hannes
  full_name: Nickisch, Hannes
  last_name: Nickisch
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Harmeling, Stefan
  last_name: Harmeling
citation:
  ama: Lampert C, Nickisch H, Harmeling S. Attribute-based classification for zero-shot
    learning of object categories. <i>IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine
    Intelligence</i>. 2013;36(3):453-465. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2013.140">10.1109/TPAMI.2013.140</a>
  apa: Lampert, C., Nickisch, H., &#38; Harmeling, S. (2013). Attribute-based classification
    for zero-shot learning of object categories. <i>IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis
    and Machine Intelligence</i>. IEEE. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2013.140">https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2013.140</a>
  chicago: Lampert, Christoph, Hannes Nickisch, and Stefan Harmeling. “Attribute-Based
    Classification for Zero-Shot Learning of Object Categories.” <i>IEEE Transactions
    on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence</i>. IEEE, 2013. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2013.140">https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2013.140</a>.
  ieee: C. Lampert, H. Nickisch, and S. Harmeling, “Attribute-based classification
    for zero-shot learning of object categories,” <i>IEEE Transactions on Pattern
    Analysis and Machine Intelligence</i>, vol. 36, no. 3. IEEE, pp. 453–465, 2013.
  ista: Lampert C, Nickisch H, Harmeling S. 2013. Attribute-based classification for
    zero-shot learning of object categories. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis
    and Machine Intelligence. 36(3), 453–465.
  mla: Lampert, Christoph, et al. “Attribute-Based Classification for Zero-Shot Learning
    of Object Categories.” <i>IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence</i>,
    vol. 36, no. 3, IEEE, 2013, pp. 453–65, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2013.140">10.1109/TPAMI.2013.140</a>.
  short: C. Lampert, H. Nickisch, S. Harmeling, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis
    and Machine Intelligence 36 (2013) 453–465.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:08Z
date_published: 2013-07-30T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-29T14:09:57Z
day: '30'
department:
- _id: ChLa
doi: 10.1109/TPAMI.2013.140
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000331450100005'
intvolume: '        36'
isi: 1
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa_version: None
page: 453 - 465
publication: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
publist_id: '4385'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Attribute-based classification for zero-shot learning of object categories
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 36
year: '2013'
...