---
_id: '2839'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Directional guidance of cells via gradients of chemokines is considered crucial
    for embryonic development, cancer dissemination, and immune responses. Nevertheless,
    the concept still lacks direct experimental confirmation in vivo. Here, we identify
    endogenous gradients of the chemokine CCL21 within mouse skin and show that they
    guide dendritic cells toward lymphatic vessels. Quantitative imaging reveals depots
    of CCL21 within lymphatic endothelial cells and steeply decaying gradients within
    the perilymphatic interstitium. These gradients match the migratory patterns of
    the dendritic cells, which directionally approach vessels from a distance of up
    to 90-micrometers. Interstitial CCL21 is immobilized to heparan sulfates, and
    its experimental delocalization or swamping the endogenous gradients abolishes
    directed migration. These findings functionally establish the concept of haptotaxis,
    directed migration along immobilized gradients, in tissues.
acknowledgement: We thank M. Frank for technical assistance and S. Cremer, P. Schmalhorst,
  and E. Kiermaier for critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported
  by a Humboldt Foundation postdoctoral fellowship (to M.W.), the German Research
  Foundation (Si1323 1,2 to M.S.), the Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP RGP0058/2011
  to M.S.), the European Research Council (ERC StG 281556 to M.S.), and the Swiss
  National Science Foundation (31003A 127474 to D.F.L., 130488 to S.A.L.).
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Michele
  full_name: Weber, Michele
  id: 3A3FC708-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Weber
- first_name: Robert
  full_name: Hauschild, Robert
  id: 4E01D6B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hauschild
  orcid: 0000-0001-9843-3522
- first_name: Jan
  full_name: Schwarz, Jan
  id: 346C1EC6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Schwarz
- first_name: Christine
  full_name: Moussion, Christine
  id: 3356F664-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Moussion
- first_name: Ingrid
  full_name: De Vries, Ingrid
  id: 4C7D837E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: De Vries
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Legler, Daniel
  last_name: Legler
- first_name: Sanjiv
  full_name: Luther, Sanjiv
  last_name: Luther
- first_name: Mark Tobias
  full_name: Bollenbach, Mark Tobias
  id: 3E6DB97A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Bollenbach
  orcid: 0000-0003-4398-476X
- first_name: Michael K
  full_name: Sixt, Michael K
  id: 41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Sixt
  orcid: 0000-0002-6620-9179
citation:
  ama: Weber M, Hauschild R, Schwarz J, et al. Interstitial dendritic cell guidance
    by haptotactic chemokine gradients. <i>Science</i>. 2013;339(6117):328-332. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1228456">10.1126/science.1228456</a>
  apa: Weber, M., Hauschild, R., Schwarz, J., Moussion, C., de Vries, I., Legler,
    D., … Sixt, M. K. (2013). Interstitial dendritic cell guidance by haptotactic
    chemokine gradients. <i>Science</i>. American Association for the Advancement
    of Science. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1228456">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1228456</a>
  chicago: Weber, Michele, Robert Hauschild, Jan Schwarz, Christine Moussion, Ingrid
    de Vries, Daniel Legler, Sanjiv Luther, Mark Tobias Bollenbach, and Michael K
    Sixt. “Interstitial Dendritic Cell Guidance by Haptotactic Chemokine Gradients.”
    <i>Science</i>. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2013. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1228456">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1228456</a>.
  ieee: M. Weber <i>et al.</i>, “Interstitial dendritic cell guidance by haptotactic
    chemokine gradients,” <i>Science</i>, vol. 339, no. 6117. American Association
    for the Advancement of Science, pp. 328–332, 2013.
  ista: Weber M, Hauschild R, Schwarz J, Moussion C, de Vries I, Legler D, Luther
    S, Bollenbach MT, Sixt MK. 2013. Interstitial dendritic cell guidance by haptotactic
    chemokine gradients. Science. 339(6117), 328–332.
  mla: Weber, Michele, et al. “Interstitial Dendritic Cell Guidance by Haptotactic
    Chemokine Gradients.” <i>Science</i>, vol. 339, no. 6117, American Association
    for the Advancement of Science, 2013, pp. 328–32, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1228456">10.1126/science.1228456</a>.
  short: M. Weber, R. Hauschild, J. Schwarz, C. Moussion, I. de Vries, D. Legler,
    S. Luther, M.T. Bollenbach, M.K. Sixt, Science 339 (2013) 328–332.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:59:52Z
date_published: 2013-01-18T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-06-18T18:36:11Z
day: '18'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: MiSi
- _id: Bio
doi: 10.1126/science.1228456
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000313622000047'
intvolume: '       339'
isi: 1
issue: '6117'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/bitstream/123456789/26341/2/Weber_263418.pdf
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 328 - 332
project:
- _id: 25A603A2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FP7
  grant_number: '281556'
  name: Cytoskeletal force generation and force transduction of migrating leukocytes
- _id: 25ABD200-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  grant_number: RGP0058/2011
  name: 'Cell migration in complex environments: from in vivo experiments to theoretical
    models'
publication: Science
publication_status: published
publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science
publist_id: '3959'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Interstitial dendritic cell guidance by haptotactic chemokine gradients
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 339
year: '2013'
...