---
_id: '2887'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Root system growth and development is highly plastic and is influenced by
    the surrounding environment. Roots frequently grow in heterogeneous environments
    that include interactions from neighboring plants and physical impediments in
    the rhizosphere. To investigate how planting density and physical objects affect
    root system growth, we grew rice in a transparent gel system in close proximity
    with another plant or a physical object. Root systems were imaged and reconstructed
    in three dimensions. Root-root interaction strength was calculated using quantitative
    metrics that characterize the extent towhich the reconstructed root systems overlap
    each other. Surprisingly, we found the overlap of root systems of the same genotype
    was significantly higher than that of root systems of different genotypes. Root
    systems of the same genotype tended to grow toward each other but those of different
    genotypes appeared to avoid each other. Shoot separation experiments excluded
    the possibility of aerial interactions, suggesting root communication. Staggered
    plantings indicated that interactions likely occur at root tips in close proximity.
    Recognition of obstacles also occurred through root tips, but through physical
    contact in a size-dependent manner. These results indicate that root systems use
    two different forms of communication to recognize objects and alter root architecture:
    root-root recognition, possibly mediated through root exudates, and root-object
    recognition mediated by physical contact at the root tips. This finding suggests
    that root tips act as local sensors that integrate rhizosphere information into
    global root architectural changes.'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Suqin
  full_name: Fang, Suqin
  last_name: Fang
- first_name: Randy
  full_name: Clark, Randy
  last_name: Clark
- first_name: Ying
  full_name: Zheng, Ying
  last_name: Zheng
- first_name: Anjali
  full_name: Iyer Pascuzzi, Anjali
  last_name: Iyer Pascuzzi
- first_name: Joshua
  full_name: Weitz, Joshua
  last_name: Weitz
- first_name: Leon
  full_name: Kochian, Leon
  last_name: Kochian
- first_name: Herbert
  full_name: Edelsbrunner, Herbert
  id: 3FB178DA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Edelsbrunner
  orcid: 0000-0002-9823-6833
- first_name: Hong
  full_name: Liao, Hong
  last_name: Liao
- first_name: Philip
  full_name: Benfey, Philip
  last_name: Benfey
citation:
  ama: Fang S, Clark R, Zheng Y, et al. Genotypic recognition and spatial responses
    by rice roots. <i>PNAS</i>. 2013;110(7):2670-2675. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1222821110">10.1073/pnas.1222821110</a>
  apa: Fang, S., Clark, R., Zheng, Y., Iyer Pascuzzi, A., Weitz, J., Kochian, L.,
    … Benfey, P. (2013). Genotypic recognition and spatial responses by rice roots.
    <i>PNAS</i>. National Academy of Sciences. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1222821110">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1222821110</a>
  chicago: Fang, Suqin, Randy Clark, Ying Zheng, Anjali Iyer Pascuzzi, Joshua Weitz,
    Leon Kochian, Herbert Edelsbrunner, Hong Liao, and Philip Benfey. “Genotypic Recognition
    and Spatial Responses by Rice Roots.” <i>PNAS</i>. National Academy of Sciences,
    2013. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1222821110">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1222821110</a>.
  ieee: S. Fang <i>et al.</i>, “Genotypic recognition and spatial responses by rice
    roots,” <i>PNAS</i>, vol. 110, no. 7. National Academy of Sciences, pp. 2670–2675,
    2013.
  ista: Fang S, Clark R, Zheng Y, Iyer Pascuzzi A, Weitz J, Kochian L, Edelsbrunner
    H, Liao H, Benfey P. 2013. Genotypic recognition and spatial responses by rice
    roots. PNAS. 110(7), 2670–2675.
  mla: Fang, Suqin, et al. “Genotypic Recognition and Spatial Responses by Rice Roots.”
    <i>PNAS</i>, vol. 110, no. 7, National Academy of Sciences, 2013, pp. 2670–75,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1222821110">10.1073/pnas.1222821110</a>.
  short: S. Fang, R. Clark, Y. Zheng, A. Iyer Pascuzzi, J. Weitz, L. Kochian, H. Edelsbrunner,
    H. Liao, P. Benfey, PNAS 110 (2013) 2670–2675.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:00:09Z
date_published: 2013-02-12T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-06-18T18:36:41Z
day: '12'
ddc:
- '500'
department:
- _id: HeEd
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1222821110
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000315812800060'
  pmid:
  - '23362379'
intvolume: '       110'
isi: 1
issue: '7'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3574932/
month: '02'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 2670 - 2675
pmid: 1
publication: PNAS
publication_status: published
publisher: National Academy of Sciences
publist_id: '3872'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Genotypic recognition and spatial responses by rice roots
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 110
year: '2013'
...