---
_id: '3263'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Adaptation in the retina is thought to optimize the encoding of natural light
signals into sequences of spikes sent to the brain. While adaptive changes in
retinal processing to the variations of the mean luminance level and second-order
stimulus statistics have been documented before, no such measurements have been
performed when higher-order moments of the light distribution change. We therefore
measured the ganglion cell responses in the tiger salamander retina to controlled
changes in the second (contrast), third (skew) and fourth (kurtosis) moments of
the light intensity distribution of spatially uniform temporally independent stimuli.
The skew and kurtosis of the stimuli were chosen to cover the range observed in
natural scenes. We quantified adaptation in ganglion cells by studying linear-nonlinear
models that capture well the retinal encoding properties across all stimuli. We
found that the encoding properties of retinal ganglion cells change only marginally
when higher-order statistics change, compared to the changes observed in response
to the variation in contrast. By analyzing optimal coding in LN-type models, we
showed that neurons can maintain a high information rate without large dynamic
adaptation to changes in skew or kurtosis. This is because, for uncorrelated stimuli,
spatio-temporal summation within the receptive field averages away non-gaussian
aspects of the light intensity distribution.
acknowledgement: "This work was supported by The Israel Science Foundation and The
Human Frontiers Science Program.\r\nWe thank the referees for helping significantly
improve this paper. We also thank Vijay Balasubramanian, Kristina Simmons, and Jason
Prentice for stimulating discussions. GT wishes to thank the faculty and students
of the “Methods in Computational Neuroscience” course at Marine Biological Laboratory,
Woods Hole.\r\n"
article_number: e85841
author:
- first_name: Gasper
full_name: Tkacik, Gasper
id: 3D494DCA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Tkacik
orcid: 0000-0002-6699-1455
- first_name: Anandamohan
full_name: Ghosh, Anandamohan
last_name: Ghosh
- first_name: Elad
full_name: Schneidman, Elad
last_name: Schneidman
- first_name: Ronen
full_name: Segev, Ronen
last_name: Segev
citation:
ama: Tkačik G, Ghosh A, Schneidman E, Segev R. Adaptation to changes in higher-order
stimulus statistics in the salamander retina. PLoS One. 2014;9(1). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0085841
apa: Tkačik, G., Ghosh, A., Schneidman, E., & Segev, R. (2014). Adaptation to
changes in higher-order stimulus statistics in the salamander retina. PLoS
One. Public Library of Science. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085841
chicago: Tkačik, Gašper, Anandamohan Ghosh, Elad Schneidman, and Ronen Segev. “Adaptation
to Changes in Higher-Order Stimulus Statistics in the Salamander Retina.” PLoS
One. Public Library of Science, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085841.
ieee: G. Tkačik, A. Ghosh, E. Schneidman, and R. Segev, “Adaptation to changes in
higher-order stimulus statistics in the salamander retina,” PLoS One, vol.
9, no. 1. Public Library of Science, 2014.
ista: Tkačik G, Ghosh A, Schneidman E, Segev R. 2014. Adaptation to changes in higher-order
stimulus statistics in the salamander retina. PLoS One. 9(1), e85841.
mla: Tkačik, Gašper, et al. “Adaptation to Changes in Higher-Order Stimulus Statistics
in the Salamander Retina.” PLoS One, vol. 9, no. 1, e85841, Public Library
of Science, 2014, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0085841.
short: G. Tkačik, A. Ghosh, E. Schneidman, R. Segev, PLoS One 9 (2014).
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:02:20Z
date_published: 2014-01-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:42:14Z
day: '21'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: GaTk
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085841
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 1d5816b343abe5eadc3eb419bcece971
content_type: application/pdf
creator: system
date_created: 2018-12-12T10:13:28Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:46:06Z
file_id: '5011'
file_name: IST-2016-432-v1+1_journal.pone.0085841.pdf
file_size: 1568524
relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:46:06Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 9'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: PLoS One
publication_status: published
publisher: Public Library of Science
publist_id: '3385'
pubrep_id: '432'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: 1
status: public
title: Adaptation to changes in higher-order stimulus statistics in the salamander
retina
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 3FFCCD3A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 9
year: '2014'
...