{"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The probability of fixation of a favorable mutation is reduced if selection at other loci causes inherited variation in fitness. A general method for calculating the fixation probability of an allele that can find itself in a variety of genetic backgrounds is applied to find the effect of substitutions, fluctuating polymorphisms, and deleterious mutations in a large population. With loose linkage, r, the effects depend on the additive genetic variance in relative fitness, var(W), and act by reducing effective population size by (N/Ne) = 1 + var(W)/2r2. However, tightly linked loci can have a substantial effect not predictable from Ne. Linked deleterious mutations reduce the fixation probability of weakly favored alleles by exp (-2U/R), where U is the total mutation rate and R is the map length in Morgans. Substitutions can cause a greater reduction: an allele with advantage s &lt; scrit = (pi 2/6) loge (S/s) [var(W)/R] is very unlikely to be fixed. (S is the advantage of the substitution impeding fixation.) Fluctuating polymorphisms at many (n) linked loci can also have a substantial effect, reducing fixation probability by exp [square root of 2Kn var(W)/R] [K = -1/E((u-u)2/uv) depending on the frequencies (u,v) at the selected polymorphisms]. Hitchhiking due to all three kinds of selection may substantially impede adaptation that depends on weakly favored alleles."}],"scopus_import":"1","pmid":1,"quality_controlled":"1","intvolume":"       140","citation":{"ama":"Barton NH. Linkage and the limits to natural selection. <i>Genetics</i>. 1995;140(2):821-841. doi:<a href=\"http://www.genetics.org/content/140/2/821.long\">http://www.genetics.org/content/140/2/821.long</a>","short":"N.H. Barton, Genetics 140 (1995) 821–841.","ista":"Barton NH. 1995. Linkage and the limits to natural selection. Genetics. 140(2), 821–841.","mla":"Barton, Nicholas H. “Linkage and the Limits to Natural Selection.” <i>Genetics</i>, vol. 140, no. 2, Genetics Society of America, 1995, pp. 821–41, doi:<a href=\"http://www.genetics.org/content/140/2/821.long\">http://www.genetics.org/content/140/2/821.long</a>.","apa":"Barton, N. H. (1995). Linkage and the limits to natural selection. <i>Genetics</i>. Genetics Society of America. <a href=\"http://www.genetics.org/content/140/2/821.long\">http://www.genetics.org/content/140/2/821.long</a>","ieee":"N. H. Barton, “Linkage and the limits to natural selection,” <i>Genetics</i>, vol. 140, no. 2. Genetics Society of America, pp. 821–841, 1995.","chicago":"Barton, Nicholas H. “Linkage and the Limits to Natural Selection.” <i>Genetics</i>. Genetics Society of America, 1995. <a href=\"http://www.genetics.org/content/140/2/821.long\">http://www.genetics.org/content/140/2/821.long</a>."},"author":[{"full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H","last_name":"Barton","first_name":"Nicholas H","id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240"}],"extern":"1","title":"Linkage and the limits to natural selection","status":"public","article_type":"original","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","article_processing_charge":"No","date_published":"1995-06-01T00:00:00Z","oa_version":"Published Version","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:04:23Z","month":"06","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0016-6731"]},"type":"journal_article","_id":"3640","publication":"Genetics","main_file_link":[{"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1206655/","open_access":"1"}],"date_updated":"2022-06-24T09:59:08Z","page":"821 - 841","publist_id":"2743","doi":"http://www.genetics.org/content/140/2/821.long","issue":"2","external_id":{"pmid":["7498757"]},"publication_status":"published","oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"day":"01","year":"1995","volume":140,"publisher":"Genetics Society of America"}