---
_id: '3954'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The leading front of a cell can either protrude as an actin-free membrane
    bleb that is inflated by actomyosin-driven contractile forces, or as an actin-rich
    pseudopodium, a site where polymerizing actin filaments push out the membrane.
    Pushing filaments can only cause the membrane to protrude if the expanding actin
    network experiences a retrograde counter-force, which is usually provided by transmembrane
    receptors of the integrin family. Here we show that chemotactic dendritic cells
    mechanically adapt to the adhesive properties of their substrate by switching
    between integrin-mediated and integrin-independent locomotion. We found that on
    engaging the integrin-actin clutch, actin polymerization was entirely turned into
    protrusion, whereas on disengagement actin underwent slippage and retrograde flow.
    Remarkably, accelerated retrograde flow was balanced by an increased actin polymerization
    rate; therefore, cell shape and protrusion velocity remained constant on alternating
    substrates. Due to this adaptive response in polymerization dynamics, tracks of
    adhesive substrate did not dictate the path of the cells. Instead, directional
    guidance was exclusively provided by a soluble gradient of chemoattractant, which
    endowed these 'amoeboid' cells with extraordinary flexibility, enabling them to
    traverse almost every type of tissue.
acknowledgement: We thank S. Cremer for statistical analysis, K. Hirsch for technical
  assistance, D. Critchley for talin1-deficient mice and R. Fässler for integrindeficient
  mice, discussions and critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported
  by the German Research Foundation, the Peter Hans Hofschneider Foundation for Experimental
  Biomedicine, the Max Planck Society, the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and the
  allergology programme of the Landesstiftung Baden-Württemberg.
author:
- first_name: Jörg
  full_name: Renkawitz, Jörg
  id: 3F0587C8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Renkawitz
  orcid: 0000-0003-2856-3369
- first_name: Kathrin
  full_name: Schumann, Kathrin
  id: F44D762E-4F9D-11E9-B64C-9EB26CEFFB5F
  last_name: Schumann
- first_name: Michele
  full_name: Weber, Michele
  id: 3A3FC708-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Weber
- first_name: Tim
  full_name: Lämmermann, Tim
  last_name: Lämmermann
- first_name: Holger
  full_name: Pflicke, Holger
  last_name: Pflicke
- first_name: Matthieu
  full_name: Piel, Matthieu
  last_name: Piel
- first_name: Julien
  full_name: Polleux, Julien
  last_name: Polleux
- first_name: Joachim
  full_name: Spatz, Joachim
  last_name: Spatz
- first_name: Michael K
  full_name: Sixt, Michael K
  id: 41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Sixt
  orcid: 0000-0002-6620-9179
citation:
  ama: Renkawitz J, Schumann K, Weber M, et al. Adaptive force transmission in amoeboid
    cell migration. <i>Nature Cell Biology</i>. 2009;11(12):1438-1443. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb1992">10.1038/ncb1992</a>
  apa: Renkawitz, J., Schumann, K., Weber, M., Lämmermann, T., Pflicke, H., Piel,
    M., … Sixt, M. K. (2009). Adaptive force transmission in amoeboid cell migration.
    <i>Nature Cell Biology</i>. Nature Publishing Group. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb1992">https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb1992</a>
  chicago: Renkawitz, Jörg, Kathrin Schumann, Michele Weber, Tim Lämmermann, Holger
    Pflicke, Matthieu Piel, Julien Polleux, Joachim Spatz, and Michael K Sixt. “Adaptive
    Force Transmission in Amoeboid Cell Migration.” <i>Nature Cell Biology</i>. Nature
    Publishing Group, 2009. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb1992">https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb1992</a>.
  ieee: J. Renkawitz <i>et al.</i>, “Adaptive force transmission in amoeboid cell
    migration,” <i>Nature Cell Biology</i>, vol. 11, no. 12. Nature Publishing Group,
    pp. 1438–1443, 2009.
  ista: Renkawitz J, Schumann K, Weber M, Lämmermann T, Pflicke H, Piel M, Polleux
    J, Spatz J, Sixt MK. 2009. Adaptive force transmission in amoeboid cell migration.
    Nature Cell Biology. 11(12), 1438–1443.
  mla: Renkawitz, Jörg, et al. “Adaptive Force Transmission in Amoeboid Cell Migration.”
    <i>Nature Cell Biology</i>, vol. 11, no. 12, Nature Publishing Group, 2009, pp.
    1438–43, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb1992">10.1038/ncb1992</a>.
  short: J. Renkawitz, K. Schumann, M. Weber, T. Lämmermann, H. Pflicke, M. Piel,
    J. Polleux, J. Spatz, M.K. Sixt, Nature Cell Biology 11 (2009) 1438–1443.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:06:05Z
date_published: 2009-11-15T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:53:27Z
day: '15'
doi: 10.1038/ncb1992
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        11'
issue: '12'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa_version: None
page: 1438 - 1443
publication: Nature Cell Biology
publication_status: published
publisher: Nature Publishing Group
publist_id: '2173'
status: public
title: Adaptive force transmission in amoeboid cell migration
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 11
year: '2009'
...