---
_id: '423'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Herd immunity, a process in which resistant individuals limit the spread of
    a pathogen among susceptible hosts has been extensively studied in eukaryotes.
    Even though bacteria have evolved multiple immune systems against their phage
    pathogens, herd immunity in bacteria remains unexplored. Here we experimentally
    demonstrate that herd immunity arises during phage epidemics in structured and
    unstructured Escherichia coli populations consisting of differing frequencies
    of susceptible and resistant cells harboring CRISPR immunity. In addition, we
    develop a mathematical model that quantifies how herd immunity is affected by
    spatial population structure, bacterial growth rate, and phage replication rate.
    Using our model we infer a general epidemiological rule describing the relative
    speed of an epidemic in partially resistant spatially structured populations.
    Our experimental and theoretical findings indicate that herd immunity may be important
    in bacterial communities, allowing for stable coexistence of bacteria and their
    phages and the maintenance of polymorphism in bacterial immunity.
acknowledgement: "We are grateful to Remy Chait for his help and assistance with establishing
  our experimental setups and to Tobias Bergmiller for valuable insights into some
  specific experimental details. We thank Luciano Marraffini for donating us the pCas9
  plasmid used in this study. We also want to express our gratitude to Seth Barribeau,
  Andrea Betancourt, Călin Guet, Mato Lagator, Tiago Paixão and Maroš Pleška for valuable
  discussions on the manuscript. Finally, we would like to thank the \r\neditors and
  reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions."
article_number: e32035
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Pavel
  full_name: Payne, Pavel
  id: 35F78294-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Payne
  orcid: 0000-0002-2711-9453
- first_name: Lukas
  full_name: Geyrhofer, Lukas
  last_name: Geyrhofer
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
- first_name: Jonathan P
  full_name: Bollback, Jonathan P
  id: 2C6FA9CC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Bollback
  orcid: 0000-0002-4624-4612
citation:
  ama: Payne P, Geyrhofer L, Barton NH, Bollback JP. CRISPR-based herd immunity can
    limit phage epidemics in bacterial populations. <i>eLife</i>. 2018;7. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.32035">10.7554/eLife.32035</a>
  apa: Payne, P., Geyrhofer, L., Barton, N. H., &#38; Bollback, J. P. (2018). CRISPR-based
    herd immunity can limit phage epidemics in bacterial populations. <i>ELife</i>.
    eLife Sciences Publications. <a href="https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.32035">https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.32035</a>
  chicago: Payne, Pavel, Lukas Geyrhofer, Nicholas H Barton, and Jonathan P Bollback.
    “CRISPR-Based Herd Immunity Can Limit Phage Epidemics in Bacterial Populations.”
    <i>ELife</i>. eLife Sciences Publications, 2018. <a href="https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.32035">https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.32035</a>.
  ieee: P. Payne, L. Geyrhofer, N. H. Barton, and J. P. Bollback, “CRISPR-based herd
    immunity can limit phage epidemics in bacterial populations,” <i>eLife</i>, vol.
    7. eLife Sciences Publications, 2018.
  ista: Payne P, Geyrhofer L, Barton NH, Bollback JP. 2018. CRISPR-based herd immunity
    can limit phage epidemics in bacterial populations. eLife. 7, e32035.
  mla: Payne, Pavel, et al. “CRISPR-Based Herd Immunity Can Limit Phage Epidemics
    in Bacterial Populations.” <i>ELife</i>, vol. 7, e32035, eLife Sciences Publications,
    2018, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.32035">10.7554/eLife.32035</a>.
  short: P. Payne, L. Geyrhofer, N.H. Barton, J.P. Bollback, ELife 7 (2018).
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:46:23Z
date_published: 2018-03-09T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-03-31T16:00:24Z
day: '09'
ddc:
- '576'
department:
- _id: NiBa
- _id: JoBo
doi: 10.7554/eLife.32035
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000431035800001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 447cf6e680bdc3c01062a8737d876569
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2018-12-17T10:36:07Z
  date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:46:25Z
  file_id: '5689'
  file_name: 2018_eLife_Payne.pdf
  file_size: 3533881
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:46:25Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '         7'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 2578D616-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '648440'
  name: Selective Barriers to Horizontal Gene Transfer
publication: eLife
publication_status: published
publisher: eLife Sciences Publications
publist_id: '7400'
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '9840'
    relation: research_data
    status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: CRISPR-based herd immunity can limit phage epidemics in bacterial populations
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
volume: 7
year: '2018'
...