---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - 'The fire-bellied toads Bombina bombina and B. variegata differ extensively in
    biochemistry, morphology, and behavior. We use a survey of five diagnostic enzyme
    loci across the hybrid zone near Cracow in Southern Poland to estimate the dispersal
    rate, selection pressures, and numbers of loci which maintain this zone. The enzyme
    clines coincide closely with each other and with morphological and mitochondrial
    DNA clines. Although the zone lies on a broad transition between environments
    suitable for bombina and variegata, the close concordance of diverse characters,
    together with increased aberrations and mortality in hybrids, suggest that the
    zone is maintained largely by selection against hybrids. There are strong “linkage
    disequilibria” between each pair of (unlinked) enzyme loci (R̄ = 0.129 [2-unit
    support limits: 0.119–0.139]). These are probably caused by gene flow into the
    zone, and they give an estimate of dispersal (σ = 890 [790–940] m gen−½). The
    clines are sharply stepped, with most of the change occurring within 6.15 (5.45–6.45)
    km, but with long tails of introgression on either side. This implies that the
    effective selection pressure on each enzyme marker (due largely to disequilibrium
    with other loci) is s* = 0.17 (0.159–0.181) at the center but that the selection
    acting directly on the enzyme loci is weak or zero (se < 0.0038). The stepped
    pattern implies a barrier to gene flow of 220 (48–415) km. This would substantially
    delay neutral introgression but would have little effect on advantageous alleles;
    the two taxa need not evolve independently. Strong selection is needed to maintain
    such a barrier: hybrid populations must have their mean fitness reduced by a factor
    of 0.65 (0.60–0.77). This selection must be spread over a large number of loci
    to account for the concordant patterns and the observed cline widths (N = 300
    [80–2,000]).@eng'
  bibo_authorlist:
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Jacek
      foaf_name: Szymura, Jacek
      foaf_surname: Szymura
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Nicholas H
      foaf_name: Barton, Nicholas H
      foaf_surname: Barton
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
    orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
  bibo_doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1986.tb05740.x
  bibo_volume: 40
  dct_date: 1986^xs_gYear
  dct_isPartOf:
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/0014-3820
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/1558-5646
  dct_language: eng
  dct_publisher: Society for the Study of Evolution@
  dct_title: Genetic analysis of a hybrid zone between the fire-bellied toads Bombina
    bombina and B. variegata, near Cracow in Southern Poland@
...