---
_id: '4503'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'We describe finite-state programs over real-numbered time in a guarded-command
language with real-valued clocks or, equivalently, as finite automata with real-valued
clocks. Model checking answers the question which states of a real-time program
satisfy a branching-time specification (given in an extension of CTL with clock
variables). We develop an algorithm that computes this set of states symbolically
as a fixpoint of a functional on state predicates, without constructing the state
space. For this purpose, we introduce a μ-calculus on computation trees over real-numbered
time. Unfortunately, many standard program properties, such as response for all
nonzeno execution sequences (during which time diverges), cannot be characterized
by fixpoints: we show that the expressiveness of the timed μ-calculus is incomparable
to the expressiveness of timed CTL. Fortunately, this result does not impair the
symbolic verification of "implementable" real-time programs-those whose
safety constraints are machine-closed with respect to diverging time and whose
fairness constraints are restricted to finite upper bounds on clock values. All
timed CTL properties of such programs are shown to be computable as finitely approximable
fixpoints in a simple decidable theory.'
acknowledgement: We thank Peter Kopke for a careful reading.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Thomas A
full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Henzinger
orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724
- first_name: Xavier
full_name: Nicollin, Xavier
last_name: Nicollin
- first_name: Joseph
full_name: Sifakis, Joseph
last_name: Sifakis
- first_name: Sergio
full_name: Yovine, Sergio
last_name: Yovine
citation:
ama: Henzinger TA, Nicollin X, Sifakis J, Yovine S. Symbolic model checking for
real-time systems. Information and Computation. 1994;111(2):193-244. doi:10.1006/inco.1994.1045
apa: Henzinger, T. A., Nicollin, X., Sifakis, J., & Yovine, S. (1994). Symbolic
model checking for real-time systems. Information and Computation. Elsevier.
https://doi.org/10.1006/inco.1994.1045
chicago: Henzinger, Thomas A, Xavier Nicollin, Joseph Sifakis, and Sergio Yovine.
“Symbolic Model Checking for Real-Time Systems.” Information and Computation.
Elsevier, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1006/inco.1994.1045.
ieee: T. A. Henzinger, X. Nicollin, J. Sifakis, and S. Yovine, “Symbolic model checking
for real-time systems,” Information and Computation, vol. 111, no. 2. Elsevier,
pp. 193–244, 1994.
ista: Henzinger TA, Nicollin X, Sifakis J, Yovine S. 1994. Symbolic model checking
for real-time systems. Information and Computation. 111(2), 193–244.
mla: Henzinger, Thomas A., et al. “Symbolic Model Checking for Real-Time Systems.”
Information and Computation, vol. 111, no. 2, Elsevier, 1994, pp. 193–244,
doi:10.1006/inco.1994.1045.
short: T.A. Henzinger, X. Nicollin, J. Sifakis, S. Yovine, Information and Computation
111 (1994) 193–244.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:09:11Z
date_published: 1994-06-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-06-02T09:02:02Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1006/inco.1994.1045
extern: '1'
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1006/inco.1994.1045
intvolume: ' 111'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0890540184710455?via%3Dihub
month: '06'
oa_version: None
page: 193 - 244
publication: Information and Computation
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0890-5401
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
publist_id: '226'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Symbolic model checking for real-time systems
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 111
year: '1994'
...