---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - Spontaneous release of glutamate is important for maintaining synaptic strength
    and controlling spike timing in the brain. Mechanisms regulating spontaneous exocytosis
    remain poorly understood. Extracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]o) regulates
    Ca2+ entry through voltage-activated calcium channels (VACCs) and consequently
    is a pivotal determinant of action potential-evoked vesicle fusion. Extracellular
    Ca 2+ also enhances spontaneous release, but via unknown mechanisms. Here we report
    that external Ca2+ triggers spontaneous glutamate release more weakly than evoked
    release in mouse neocortical neurons. Blockade of VACCs has no effect on the spontaneous
    release rate or its dependence on [Ca2+]o. Intracellular [Ca2+] slowly increases
    in a minority of neurons following increases in [Ca2+]o. Furthermore, the enhancement
    of spontaneous release by extracellular calcium is insensitive to chelation of
    intracellular calcium by BAPTA. Activation of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR),
    a G-protein-coupled receptor present in nerve terminals, by several specific agonists
    increased spontaneous glutamate release. The frequency of spontaneous synaptic
    transmission was decreased in CaSR mutant neurons. The concentration-effect relationship
    for extracellular calcium regulation of spontaneous release was well described
    by a combination of CaSR-dependent and CaSR-independent mechanisms. Overall these
    results indicate that extracellular Ca2+ does not trigger spontaneous glutamate
    release by simply increasing calcium influx but stimulates CaSR and thereby promotes
    resting spontaneous glutamate release. @eng
  bibo_authorlist:
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Nicholas
      foaf_name: Vyleta, Nicholas
      foaf_surname: Vyleta
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=36C4978E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Stephen
      foaf_name: Smith, Stephen
      foaf_surname: Smith
  bibo_doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.6398-10.2011
  bibo_issue: '12'
  bibo_volume: 31
  dct_date: 2011^xs_gYear
  dct_identifier:
  - UT:000288750700025
  dct_language: eng
  dct_publisher: Wiley-Blackwell@
  dct_title: Spontaneous glutamate release is independent of calcium influx and tonically
    activated by the calcium-sensing receptor@
...