conference paper published yes Krishnendu Chatterjee author 2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A870000-0002-4561-241X Amir Kafshdar Goharshady author 391365CE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A870000-0003-1702-6584 Arash Pourdamghani author KrCh department IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency Efficient Algorithms for Computer Aided Verification project Rigorous Systems Engineering project Quantitative Graph Games: Theory and Applications project Quantitative Game-theoretic Analysis of Blockchain Applications and Smart Contracts project Quantitative Analysis of Probabilistic Systems with a focus on Crypto-Currencies project In today's programmable blockchains, smart contracts are limited to being deterministic and non-probabilistic. This lack of randomness is a consequential limitation, given that a wide variety of real-world financial contracts, such as casino games and lotteries, depend entirely on randomness. As a result, several ad-hoc random number generation approaches have been developed to be used in smart contracts. These include ideas such as using an oracle or relying on the block hash. However, these approaches are manipulatable, i.e. their output can be tampered with by parties who might not be neutral, such as the owner of the oracle or the miners.We propose a novel game-theoretic approach for generating provably unmanipulatable pseudorandom numbers on the blockchain. Our approach allows smart contracts to access a trustworthy source of randomness that does not rely on potentially compromised miners or oracles, hence enabling the creation of a new generation of smart contracts that are not limited to being non-probabilistic and can be drawn from the much more general class of probabilistic programs. IEEE2019Seoul, Korea eng 1902.07986 00049125700007610.1109/BLOC.2019.8751326 https://research-explorer.ista.ac.at/record/8934 K. Chatterjee, A. K. Goharshady, and A. Pourdamghani, “Probabilistic smart contracts: Secure randomness on the blockchain,” in <i>IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency</i>, Seoul, Korea, 2019. K. Chatterjee, A.K. Goharshady, A. Pourdamghani, in:, IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency, IEEE, 2019. Chatterjee, K., Goharshady, A. K., &#38; Pourdamghani, A. (2019). Probabilistic smart contracts: Secure randomness on the blockchain. In <i>IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency</i>. Seoul, Korea: IEEE. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/BLOC.2019.8751326">https://doi.org/10.1109/BLOC.2019.8751326</a> Chatterjee, Krishnendu, et al. “Probabilistic Smart Contracts: Secure Randomness on the Blockchain.” <i>IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency</i>, 8751326, IEEE, 2019, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/BLOC.2019.8751326">10.1109/BLOC.2019.8751326</a>. Chatterjee K, Goharshady AK, Pourdamghani A. Probabilistic smart contracts: Secure randomness on the blockchain. In: <i>IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency</i>. IEEE; 2019. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/BLOC.2019.8751326">10.1109/BLOC.2019.8751326</a> Chatterjee K, Goharshady AK, Pourdamghani A. 2019. Probabilistic smart contracts: Secure randomness on the blockchain. IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency. IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency, 8751326. Chatterjee, Krishnendu, Amir Kafshdar Goharshady, and Arash Pourdamghani. “Probabilistic Smart Contracts: Secure Randomness on the Blockchain.” In <i>IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency</i>. IEEE, 2019. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/BLOC.2019.8751326">https://doi.org/10.1109/BLOC.2019.8751326</a>. 60562019-02-26T09:03:15Z2026-07-11T22:31:03Z