--- res: bibo_abstract: - 'Bacteria in groups vary individually, and interact with other bacteria and the environment to produce population-level patterns of gene expression. Investigating such behavior in detail requires measuring and controlling populations at the single-cell level alongside precisely specified interactions and environmental characteristics. Here we present an automated, programmable platform that combines image-based gene expression and growth measurements with on-line optogenetic expression control for hundreds of individual Escherichia coli cells over days, in a dynamically adjustable environment. This integrated platform broadly enables experiments that bridge individual and population behaviors. We demonstrate: (i) population structuring by independent closed-loop control of gene expression in many individual cells, (ii) cell-cell variation control during antibiotic perturbation, (iii) hybrid bio-digital circuits in single cells, and freely specifiable digital communication between individual bacteria. These examples showcase the potential for real-time integration of theoretical models with measurement and control of many individual cells to investigate and engineer microbial population behavior.@eng' bibo_authorlist: - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Remy P foaf_name: Chait, Remy P foaf_surname: Chait foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=3464AE84-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 orcid: 0000-0003-0876-3187 - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Jakob foaf_name: Ruess, Jakob foaf_surname: Ruess foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=4A245D00-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 orcid: 0000-0003-1615-3282 - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Tobias foaf_name: Bergmiller, Tobias foaf_surname: Bergmiller foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=2C471CFA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 orcid: 0000-0001-5396-4346 - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Gasper foaf_name: Tkacik, Gasper foaf_surname: Tkacik foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=3D494DCA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 orcid: 0000-0002-6699-1455 - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Calin C foaf_name: Guet, Calin C foaf_surname: Guet foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=47F8433E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 orcid: 0000-0001-6220-2052 bibo_doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-01683-1 bibo_issue: '1' bibo_volume: 8 dct_date: 2017^xs_gYear dct_isPartOf: - http://id.crossref.org/issn/20411723 dct_language: eng dct_publisher: Nature Publishing Group@ dct_title: Shaping bacterial population behavior through computer interfaced control of individual cells@ ...