---
_id: '6348'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'High-speed optical telecommunication is enabled by wavelength-division multiplexing,
    whereby hundreds of individually stabilized lasers encode information within a
    single-mode optical fibre. Higher bandwidths require higher total optical power,
    but the power sent into the fibre is limited by optical nonlinearities within
    the fibre, and energy consumption by the light sources starts to become a substantial
    cost factor1. Optical frequency combs have been suggested to remedy this problem
    by generating numerous discrete, equidistant laser lines within a monolithic device;
    however, at present their stability and coherence allow them to operate only within
    small parameter ranges2,3,4. Here we show that a broadband frequency comb realized
    through the electro-optic effect within a high-quality whispering-gallery-mode
    resonator can operate at low microwave and optical powers. Unlike the usual third-order
    Kerr nonlinear optical frequency combs, our combs rely on the second-order nonlinear
    effect, which is much more efficient. Our result uses a fixed microwave signal
    that is mixed with an optical-pump signal to generate a coherent frequency comb
    with a precisely determined carrier separation. The resonant enhancement enables
    us to work with microwave powers that are three orders of magnitude lower than
    those in commercially available devices. We emphasize the practical relevance
    of our results to high rates of data communication. To circumvent the limitations
    imposed by nonlinear effects in optical communication fibres, one has to solve
    two problems: to provide a compact and fully integrated, yet high-quality and
    coherent, frequency comb generator; and to calculate nonlinear signal propagation
    in real time5. We report a solution to the first problem.'
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Alfredo R
  full_name: Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R
  id: 3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Rueda Sanchez
  orcid: 0000-0001-6249-5860
- first_name: Florian
  full_name: Sedlmeir, Florian
  last_name: Sedlmeir
- first_name: Madhuri
  full_name: Kumari, Madhuri
  last_name: Kumari
- first_name: Gerd
  full_name: Leuchs, Gerd
  last_name: Leuchs
- first_name: Harald G.L.
  full_name: Schwefel, Harald G.L.
  last_name: Schwefel
citation:
  ama: Rueda Sanchez AR, Sedlmeir F, Kumari M, Leuchs G, Schwefel HGL. Resonant electro-optic
    frequency comb. <i>Nature</i>. 2019;568(7752):378-381. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1110-x">10.1038/s41586-019-1110-x</a>
  apa: Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Sedlmeir, F., Kumari, M., Leuchs, G., &#38; Schwefel,
    H. G. L. (2019). Resonant electro-optic frequency comb. <i>Nature</i>. Springer
    Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1110-x">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1110-x</a>
  chicago: Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R, Florian Sedlmeir, Madhuri Kumari, Gerd Leuchs,
    and Harald G.L. Schwefel. “Resonant Electro-Optic Frequency Comb.” <i>Nature</i>.
    Springer Nature, 2019. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1110-x">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1110-x</a>.
  ieee: A. R. Rueda Sanchez, F. Sedlmeir, M. Kumari, G. Leuchs, and H. G. L. Schwefel,
    “Resonant electro-optic frequency comb,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 568, no. 7752. Springer
    Nature, pp. 378–381, 2019.
  ista: Rueda Sanchez AR, Sedlmeir F, Kumari M, Leuchs G, Schwefel HGL. 2019. Resonant
    electro-optic frequency comb. Nature. 568(7752), 378–381.
  mla: Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R., et al. “Resonant Electro-Optic Frequency Comb.”
    <i>Nature</i>, vol. 568, no. 7752, Springer Nature, 2019, pp. 378–81, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1110-x">10.1038/s41586-019-1110-x</a>.
  short: A.R. Rueda Sanchez, F. Sedlmeir, M. Kumari, G. Leuchs, H.G.L. Schwefel, Nature
    568 (2019) 378–381.
date_created: 2019-04-28T21:59:13Z
date_published: 2019-04-18T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-07-10T11:53:19Z
day: '18'
department:
- _id: JoFi
doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1110-x
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '1808.10608'
  isi:
  - '000464950700053'
intvolume: '       568'
isi: 1
issue: '7752'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1808.10608
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 378-381
publication: Nature
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1476-4687
  issn:
  - 0028-0836
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  link:
  - relation: erratum
    url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1220-5
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Resonant electro-optic frequency comb
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 568
year: '2019'
...