{"publication_status":"published","project":[{"name":"Epidemics in ant societies on a chip","grant_number":"771402","_id":"2649B4DE-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020"}],"user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","status":"public","_id":"6435","ddc":["570","006","578","592"],"has_accepted_license":"1","day":"07","author":[{"last_name":"Casillas Perez","id":"351ED2AA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Barbara E","full_name":"Casillas Perez, Barbara E"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","date_published":"2019-05-07T00:00:00Z","title":"Collective defenses of garden ants against a fungal pathogen","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","id":"1999","status":"public"}]},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Social insect colonies tend to have numerous members which function together like a single organism in such harmony that the term ``super-organism'' is often used. In this analogy the reproductive caste is analogous to the primordial germ\r\ncells of a metazoan, while the sterile worker caste corresponds to somatic cells. The worker castes, like tissues, are\r\nin charge of all functions of a living being, besides reproduction. The establishment of new super-organismal units\r\n(i.e. new colonies) is accomplished by the co-dependent castes. The term oftentimes goes beyond a metaphor. We invoke it when we speak about the metabolic rate, thermoregulation, nutrient regulation and gas exchange of a social insect colony. Furthermore, we assert that the super-organism has an immune system, and benefits from ``social immunity''.\r\n\r\nSocial immunity was first summoned by evolutionary biologists to resolve the apparent discrepancy between the expected high frequency of disease outbreak amongst numerous, closely related tightly-interacting hosts, living in stable and microbially-rich environments, against the exceptionally scarce epidemic accounts in natural populations. Social\r\nimmunity comprises a multi-layer assembly of behaviours which have evolved to effectively keep the pathogenic enemies of a colony at bay. The field of social immunity has drawn interest, as it becomes increasingly urgent to stop\r\nthe collapse of pollinator species and curb the growth of invasive pests. In the past decade, several mechanisms of\r\nsocial immune responses have been dissected, but many more questions remain open.\r\n\r\nI present my work in two experimental chapters. In the first, I use invasive garden ants (*Lasius neglectus*) to study how pathogen load and its distribution among nestmates affect the grooming response of the group. Any given group of ants will carry out the same total grooming work, but will direct their grooming effort towards individuals\r\ncarrying a relatively higher spore load. Contrary to expectation, the highest risk of transmission does not stem from grooming highly contaminated ants, but instead, we suggest that the grooming response likely minimizes spore loss to the environment, reducing contamination from inadvertent pickup from the substrate.\r\n\r\nThe second is a comparative developmental approach. I follow black garden ant queens (*Lasius niger*) and their colonies from mating flight, through hibernation for a year. Colonies which grow fast from the start, have a lower chance of survival through hibernation, and those which survive grow at a lower pace later. This is true for colonies of naive\r\nand challenged queens. Early pathogen exposure of the queens changes colony dynamics in an unexpected way: colonies from exposed queens are more likely to grow slowly and recover in numbers only after they survive hibernation.\r\n\r\nIn addition to the two experimental chapters, this thesis includes a co-authored published review on organisational\r\nimmunity, where we enlist the experimental evidence and theoretical framework on which this hypothesis is built,\r\nidentify the caveats and underline how the field is ripe to overcome them. In a final chapter, I describe my part in\r\ntwo collaborative efforts, one to develop an image-based tracker, and the second to develop a classifier for ant\r\nbehaviour."}],"citation":{"ieee":"B. E. Casillas Perez, “Collective defenses of garden ants against a fungal pathogen,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2019.","apa":"Casillas Perez, B. E. (2019). <i>Collective defenses of garden ants against a fungal pathogen</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:6435\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:6435</a>","short":"B.E. Casillas Perez, Collective Defenses of Garden Ants against a Fungal Pathogen, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2019.","chicago":"Casillas Perez, Barbara E. “Collective Defenses of Garden Ants against a Fungal Pathogen.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2019. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:6435\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:6435</a>.","ista":"Casillas Perez BE. 2019. Collective defenses of garden ants against a fungal pathogen. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","ama":"Casillas Perez BE. Collective defenses of garden ants against a fungal pathogen. 2019. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:6435\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:6435</a>","mla":"Casillas Perez, Barbara E. <i>Collective Defenses of Garden Ants against a Fungal Pathogen</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2019, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:6435\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:6435</a>."},"supervisor":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-2193-3868","first_name":"Sylvia M","id":"2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Cremer","full_name":"Cremer, Sylvia M"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"05","file":[{"access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","checksum":"6daf2d2086111aa8fd3fbc919a3e2833","date_created":"2019-05-13T09:16:20Z","file_name":"tesisDoctoradoBC.pdf","creator":"casillas","date_updated":"2021-02-11T11:17:15Z","relation":"main_file","file_size":3895187,"embargo":"2020-05-08","file_id":"6438"},{"checksum":"3d221aaff7559a7060230a1ff610594f","content_type":"application/zip","date_created":"2019-05-13T09:16:20Z","file_name":"tesisDoctoradoBC.zip","creator":"casillas","relation":"source_file","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:30Z","file_size":7365118,"file_id":"6439","access_level":"closed","embargo_to":"open_access"}],"year":"2019","ec_funded":1,"date_updated":"2023-09-07T12:57:04Z","oa":1,"file_date_updated":"2021-02-11T11:17:15Z","publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","date_created":"2019-05-13T08:58:35Z","doi":"10.15479/AT:ISTA:6435","alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"degree_awarded":"PhD","type":"dissertation","article_processing_charge":"No","page":"183","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"ScienComp"},{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"LifeSc"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2663-337X"]},"keyword":["Social Immunity","Sanitary care","Social Insects","Organisational Immunity","Colony development","Multi-target tracking"]}